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EXAM 1
Developement of the Nervous System
| Questions | Answers |
|---|---|
| This NEUROSCIENCE stack covers Development of the Nervous System | (blank) |
| Q: What is gastrulation? | A: Gastrulation is the formation of the three germ layers during the third week of gestation; ECTODERM, MESODERM, and ENDODERM. |
| Q: What is neurulation? | A: Neurulation is the formation of the neural tube early in the fourth week of gestation. |
| Q: When does the anterior neuropore close? | A: The anterior neuropore closes on day 25 of gestation. |
| Q: When does the posterior neuropore close? | A: The posterior neuropore closes on day 27 of gestation. |
| Q: There are three primary brain vesicles. Name them and their associated structures. | A: The PROSENCEPHALON (forebrain), MESENCEPHALON (midbrain), and RHOMBENCEPHALON (hindbrain). |
| Q: We talked about three flexures. What are they? | A: The cephalic flexure, cervical flexure, and pontine flexure. |
| Q: The three flexures may be created equally but which one sticks around for the long haul? | A: The cephalic flexure remains while the other two drift off into oblivion. |
| Q: When could you expect to see flexures of the brain appear? | A: During the fourth week of gestation. |
| Q: This flexure can be found at the junction of the hindbrain and the spinal cord. | A: The cervical flexure. |
| Q: This flexure can be found in the midbrain. | A: The cephalic (or mesencephalic) flexure. |
| Q: What event results in the pontine flexure? | A: Unequal growth of the brain between the other two flexures. **NOTE** the pontine flexure grows in the opposite direction than the other two flexures. |
| Q: There are five secondary brain vesicles. Name them and their associated structures. | A: The TELENCEPHALON (cerebrum), DIENCEPHALON (thalamic structures), MESENCEPHALON (midbrain), METENCEPHALON (pons), and the MYELENCEPHALON (medulla). |
| Q: This structure divides into the telencephalon and the diencephalon. | A: The Prosencephalon. **REMEMBER: The “pros” score the TD’s. |
| Q: This structure divides into the metencephalon and the myelencephalon. | A: The Rhombencephalon. |
| Q: This structure divides into the mesencephalon. | A: Yep, I was testing you. The mesencephalon comes from itself. It is not the result of a dividing structure. |
| Q: ALL thalamus structures come from the _______. | A: Diencephalon. |
| Q: The midbrain comes from the _______. | A: Mesencephalon. |
| Q: The pons comes from the _______. | A: Metencephalon which comes from the rhombencephalon. |
| Q: The medulla comes from the _______. | A: Myelencephalon which comes from the rhombencephalon. |
| Q: What structures make up the brain stem? Name them from rostral to caudal. | A: The midbrain, pons, and medulla. |
| Q: The epithalamus has another, more familiar, name. What is it and where is it derived from? | A: The pineal gland which is derived from the diencephalon. |
| Q: The brain has how many ventricles? Name them. | A: There are four ventricles: two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle. |
| Q: You’re a drop of cerebral spinal fluid and you want to get from one of the lateral ventricles to the fourth ventricle. How do you get there? | A: From the lateral ventricle through the INTERVENTRICULAR FORAMINA OF MONRO into the THIRD VENTRICLE, then through the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT OF SYLVIUS into the FOURTH VENTRICLE. |
| Q: The lateral ventricles are associated with the _______. | A: Cerebral hemispheres. |
| Q: The third ventricle is associated with the _______. | A: Thalamus. |
| Q: The cerebral aqueduct is associated with the _______. | A: Midbrain. |
| Q: The fourth ventricle is associated with the _______. | A: The upper portion of the fourth ventricle is associated with the pons and the cerebellum while the lower portion is associated with the medulla. |
| Q: Aside from the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius at its entrance, the fourth ventricle is associated with some other foramina. Name them. | A: The foramen of Magendie at the midline and two foramina of Luschka at the lateral aspects. |
| Q: List six derivatives of neural crest cells. | A: Schwann cells, pigment cells (both skin & iris), chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, meninges (pia-arachnoid membrane), skeletal and muscular components of the head, and PNS, cranial & spinal autonomic ganglia & nerves. **These are on page 5. |
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PCC Neuroscience
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