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U.S. History Final
Review (Fall Final)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the Great Awakening? | Revival of religious movement that was aimed at restoring the intensity and dedication of the Puritan Church. It caused people to question authority and stressed the importance of an individual and deemphasized the rle of church as authority. |
| What did the Proclamation of 1763 prohibit? | Britain prohibited American colonists from settling West of the Appalachian Mountains. |
| How did the Enlightment influence political thinking in the British colonies? | People started to question the traditional authority of government. |
| What beliefs did John Locke and Thomas Jefferson share? | Jefferson believed in Locke's theory the people deserved the "Life,Liberty and Persuit of Happiness." He said the rights should never be taken away from anyone-and if so, they could abolish the government. |
| Articles of Confederation-What was it? Strengths and weaknesses? | They were an alliance set up between U.S. colonies. Their weaknesses were-Each state functioned independently,there were no means of raising money or enforcing laws,no national court system.Strengths-Land of Ordinance of 1780 & Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
| Explain the system of checks and balances. | t prevents any branch from the U.S. government from dominating the other two branches. |
| Why was the bill of rights added to the Constitution? Which group supported this? | Bill of rights was added to protect the rights of people. Antifederalists supported the addition. |
| What is outlined in the First Amendment? | Guarentees citizens to freedom of religion, speech, the press, and political activity. |
| Which two opposing views on government Thomas Jefferson and Alexander hamilton present? | He believed that commerse and industry were keys to a strong nation. |
| What is the principle of nullification? | State's refusal to reconize and act of Congress that it considered unconstitutional. |
| Why was the principle of nullification created? | To protect citizen rights. |
| What were the terms of the treaty that ended the revolutionary war between the united States and Great Britain? | Treaty of Paris-it confirmed U.S. independence and set boundaries for a new nation. |
| Explain the Great Compromise. | Offered a two-house Congress to satisfy both small and big states. Each state would have equal representation in Senate. The size of population would determine representation in the House of Reps. |
| What did Marbury vs. Madison establish for the Supreme Court? | John Marshall-Chief Justice of Supreme Court declared for judicial review-declare a law unconstitutional. |
| Define Monroe Doctrine. | A U.S. policy of U.S opposition to any European interference in the affairs of the western Hemisphere in 1823. |
| What was Manifest Destiny? | Belief that the U.S. would inevitably expand Westward. |
| What established the office of President? | Constitution established executive, judicial, and legislative branches of government. |
| What were the provisions of the Compromise of 1850. | California would be admitted as a free state to please the North. To please the South, a more effective fugitive slave law was passed. |
| What was the decision was made in the Dred Scott case? | Being in a free territory didn't make a slave free. The 5th amendment protected property. This gave South a sense that slavery was guaranteed. Slaves didn't have rights. |
| Identify the 13th amendment. | Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude. |
| Identify the 14th amendment. | Makes all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. citizens of the country and guarantees equal protection of the laws. |
| Identify the 15th amendment. | Prohibits the denial of voting rights to people because of the race or color because they previously were slaves. |
| How did the Civil War affect the economies of the North and South? | Widened the gap between north and south. North economy boomed and southern was devastated. |
| What was reconstruction? | Process of readmitting the southern states back into the union. |
| How did reconstruction come to an end? | It ended the Amnesty Act-it was passed and southern democrats political power gained. |
| Define Popular sovereignty. | People declare/rule on laws of country or territory. |
| What was the Homestead Act? | Offered 160 acres of land free to citizens or intended citizens who was head of the household. |
| And what invention protected homesteaders from the wide open western frontier? | They would work and cultivate land for 5 years. |
| What issue is addressed in William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech? | Bimetallism vs. gold standard. He supported bimetallism, and denounce the gold standard. |
| Define bimetallism. | A system in which banks would give citizens both gold and silver for paper currency and pull more money into circulation. |
| What were the beliefs of the Populist Party? | Started convention in Nebraska where people called for reform to lift the burden of debt from farmers and other workers to give the people a greater voice in government. They believed in an increase in money supply, graduated income tax, federal loan |
| program, election of U.S. senate by popular vote, 8 hour work day, and immigration restrictions. | |
| What was the Credit Mobilier. | Railroad construction company |
| What caused the dramatic growth of the U.S. railroad network? | Rapid industrialization and growth in U.S. made it boom, while transporting goods and people helped them grow rapidly. |
| What did the Interstate Commerce Act state? | a law that established the federal government's rights to supervise railroad activities and created a five member Interstate Commission to do so. |
| What were the tactics Andrew Carnegie used to dominate the steel industry? | Vertical and horizontal Integration. |
| Define Social Darwinism. What did it discourage? | They believed that success and failure in business and he governed by natural law, the strong will survive. |
| How did this conflict with the beliefs of Social Gospel Movement. | Believed people have responsibility to help the poor. |
| Explain the Sherman Antitrust Act. | Illegal to forma a trust that interfered with free trade between states or other countries. |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory-What occurred? What were the results. | A tire broke out and the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory. 146 women died. New York set up a task force to study factory conditions. |
| What is the IWWW? | A labor organization for unskilled workers formed by radical unionists and socialists. |
| Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act. | a law that prohibited all Chinese except teachers, students, merchants, tourists, and government officials from entering the United States. |
| Political machine-What was it? How was it organized? Who supported it? Give and example. | An organized group that controls a political party in a city. It was formed as a pyramid at the base was local workers and captains-gain voters. ward bosses on the next level-worked to help people by giving favors in return for votes. city bosses-top |
| they controlled the activities of political parties. Tammany Hall | |
| What is a patronage? How did the Pendleton Civil Service Act in 1883 bring an end to patronage? | an officeholders power to appoint people-usually those who have helped him or her get elected to positions in government. |
| What was the Gentleman's Agreement? | Agreement by the government of Japan to limit Japanese emigration to the U.S. to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty-Service to the poor. |
| What was the purpose of the Social Gospel Movement? | Reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty-Service to the poor. |
| Identify Ellis Island, Angel Island. Describe the experience of going through both islands. | Ellis-East coast. Angel- West coast. They had to pass physical exams and saw a government inspector who checked documents and questioned the immigrants. They had to prove that they never convicted a felony and have 25 bucks in their pocket. |
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