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NWHSU Mash GA2Q1 AC
NWHSU Mash GA2Q1 Anatomy Cardiac
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Portion of the conduction system located in the wall of the right atrium near the superior vena cava | SA node |
Part of the conduction system known as the pacemaker | SA node |
Portion of the conduction system of the heart innervated by sympathetics from the left______________ | AV node |
_______portion of the conduction system of the heart innerevated by the left vagus nerve | AV node |
The SA node is located in the right atrial wall between the auricle and superior vena cava at the upper end of the _________ | Crista terminalis |
The AV node is located in the _________ septum near the ostium of the _________ | Interatrial, Coronary sinus |
Structure that transmits the right crus of the AV bundle across the right ventricular cavity | Septomarginal trabeculae (moderator band) |
As the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the arch of the aorta, it lies IMMEDIATELY to the left of the _____ | Arteriosus ligament or ligamentum arteriosum |
During their course the phrenic nerves pass downward_________ to the roots of the lungs and onto the surface of the ______ before entering the diaphragm | Anterior, pericardial sacs |
Vein that accompanies right coronary artery around to the posterior surface of the heart | Small cardiac Vein |
_________vessel which accompanies the posterior interventricular vessel of the heart | Middle cardiac vein |
Companion vessel of the anterior interventricular artery | Great cardiac vein |
Smallest sized vessels, drain directly into the right atrium and other chambers | Venarum minimarum |
Besides the inferior and superior vena cava, name two tributaries of the right atrium | Coronary sinus, Venarum minimarum, anterior cardiac veins |
Specific chamber of the heart which lies against the esophagus | Left atrium |
Most posteriorly located chamber of the heart | Left atrium |
_____name given to the nipple like muscles of the ventricles | Papillary muscles |
Name of the cusps of the left AV valve | Anterior, posterior |
Name given to the string like structures that attach to the cusps of the AV valves; prevent eversion of cusps into the atria | Chordae tendinae(pl) , Chordae tendinae (sg) |
Name the papillary muscle of the right ventricle | Septal, anterior, posterior papillary muscle |
Name the cusps/valvules of the pulmonary semilunar valve | Right, Left, anterior |
_______Name given to the right AV valve | tricuspid valve |
Valve that guards the EXIT of the right ventricle | Pulmonary (Pulmonary semilunar, right semilunar) |
Also known as the mitral valve | Bicuspid valve (left AV valve) |
right ventricle of the heart is responsible for this type of circulation | pulmonary circulation |
Left ventricle of the heart is responsible for this type of circulation | Systemic |
Give the composition of the parietal pericardium | Fibrous outer layer and serous inner layer |
Upper smooth area of the right ventricle that guides blood to a great artery (pulmonary trunk) | Conus arteriosus |
Upper smooth area of the left ventricle that guides blood to a great artery | Aortic vestibule |
Muscles lining auricles only (also worded as "name given to ridge-like structures lining auricles") | Pectinate muscles |
Ridge-like muscle located in ventricles | Trabeculae carnae |
Name given to the entire posterior surface of heart | Base |
When comparing the thickness of the right ventricle to the left, one can say thath theRIGHT VENTRICLE IS.... | 1/3rd as thick as the LEFT VENTRICLE |
PHYSIOLOGICALLY how does blood enter the coronary arteries | Recoil of the aorta |
SPECIFIC name given to area where coronary arteries begin | Sinus of aortic valve |
Extends from superior to inferior vena cava, divides right atrium into two parts | Crista terminalis |
The right pulmonary a. runs______ to the _______ part of the aorta | posterior, ascending |
The left pulmonary artery runs_________ (ant. post) to the _____ part of the aorta | anterior, descending |
During its course the pulmonary trunk passes first __________ to the ascending aorta, then immediately _________ to it | Anterior, Left |
From proximal to distal the second branch of the arch of the aorta | Left common carotid artery |
The ligamentum arteriosum connects what two vessels? | Left pulmonary artery and arch or aorta |
Name the tributary to the left brachiocephalic v. whose right counterpart is NOT a tributary to the right brachiocephalic v. | Left highest posterior intercostal |
Specific artery that supplies the upper surface of the respiratory diaphragm | Superior phrenic artery |
Structurally define the following borders of the superior mediastinum ; a) upper, b) lateral | Upper--> plane of 1st rib, Lateral ---> Pleural sacs |
Using anatomical landmarks, difine the lower border of the superior mediastinum | Horizontal line through the angle of the sternum, passing through the T4- T5 disk |
Vein that drains the upper 2nd, 3rd, and 4th intercostal spaces | Superior or Highest or superior posterior Intercostal |
Besides the right ascending lumbar v. , a branch of the IVC, and the right posterior intercostals vv, name the 4 tributaries that normally drain into the azygos vein | Right highest intercostal v., hemiazygos v., accessory hemiazygos v., right bronchial v. |
Besides hemiazygos and posterior intercostals, give to tributaries to the azygos vein. | Right subcostal v., right, highst intercostal vein., accessory himiazygos |
Name two tributaries to the himiazygoes vein (do not list the ascending lumbar or branch from the left renal vein) | Left subcostal vein., caudal 3-4 left posterior intercostal vein., some esophageal and mediastinal veins |
The azygos vein runs superiorly, then ARCHES OVER the ______ to empty into the ________ | Root of the right lung, Superior vena cava |
Besides the posterior intercostals, name two PARIETAL braches of the descending thoracic aorta | Subcostal a., superior phrenic a., posterior intercostal aa. |
The apex of the heart points: (mark all that apply)a.) anteriorly b) posteriorly c) superiorly d.) inferiorly f.) to the left | Anteriorly, inferiorly, to the left |
The sternal angle marks the... | all the above |
Name the specific mediastinum in which each of the following is found: a) distal part of the phrenic nerves, b) aortic arch | A) middle, b) superior |
Name the 4 visceral branches of the descending thoracic aorta | Pericardial, esophageal, bronchial, mediastinal |
Normally, the specific vessel which directly drains 5,6,7, and 8 left posterior intercostal veins | Accessory hemiazygos |
Portion of the conduction system located in the lower part of the right atrium | AV Node |
Name the mediastinum in which each of the following are located a) hemiazygosPortion v. B) ascending aorta c) thoracic splanchnic d) inferior half of superior vena cava | A) posterior b) middle c) posterior d) middle |
Portion of aorta crossed by both Left Vagus and Left Phrenic nerves | Arch |
During it's course the left vagus n. passes downward ....(anterior, posterior) to the root of the left lung, then onto the anterior surface of the ...(name structure) before leaving the thorax. | Posterior, esophagus |
Within the substance of the lungs, branches of the pulmonary arteries anastomoses with... Providing potential collateral circulation. | Bronchial a. |
Draw a front view of aortic arch | Draw arch, brachiocephalic, l. Common carotid, l. Subclavian |