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A New Nation
Federalist period in American History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was the country's first president? | George Washington. He served 2 terms from 1789-1796. |
| Which Departments of State did George Washington create to make the first cabinet? | Secretary of State, Secretary of Treasury and the Secretary of Defense (used to be called the Secretary of War). |
| What does the Secretary of State do? | They help the president with foreign affairs (other countries). |
| What does the Secretary of the Treasury do? | They help the president with the finances of the country (money) |
| What does the Secretary of Defense do? | They help the president with the military and war. |
| Which branch of government did the Constitution not fully outline, so George Washington had to create the structure of that branch? | The judicial branch. |
| What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 do? | The act set up the judicial system of lower courts and said the lower courts could appeal cases to the Supreme Court. |
| Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had different ideas about what? | How the country should be run. |
| The differences between Hamilton and Jefferson eventually create what? | The two main political parties in our country. |
| Which person favored a strong central government run by the rich and commerce (buying/selling)? | Alexander Hamilton |
| Which person favored a strong state/local government run by popular vote and farming/trading? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Which people were Federalists? | George Washington, Sam Adams, Alexander Hamilton. |
| Who created our National Bank, to handle the finances (tax money, debts, payment) of our country? | Alexander Hamilton |
| How did the government plan on paying back our loan from France during the American Revolution? | Have the government pay back 2/3 and the people pay back 1/3. |
| Who did not like Hamilton's plan to pay back the debt to France and why? | The South because they had already paid back some of their debt to the government so they didn't think it was fair. |
| How did George Washington get the South to agree with Hamilton's plan to pay back our debt to France? | Move the country's capital city from New York City to Maryland, so the capital would be closer to the southern states. |
| Who began the design of our country's capitol building in Washington DC? Who replaced him? | Pierre L'Enfant was the French engineer who designed the capitol. He was replaced by Andrew Ellicott. |
| What caused the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794? | Congress created an excise tax on whiskey, which raised its cost to produce. That made farmers mad. |
| What is the result of the Whiskey Rebellion? | Farmers were rebelling, the militia had to be called in to break it up. |
| How did this rebellion help establish the new government in our country? | Let Americans know that laws created by Congress would be enforced, even in the frontier. |
| Why did John Jay have to sign a treaty with Britain about in 1794? | For the British to remove their forts in our Northwest Territory. |
| What did John Jay's Treaty fail to do for our country? | Establish neutral shipping rights in the Caribbean. |
| What did Thomas Pickney's Treaty of 1795 have to do with? | It was a treaty with Spain that allowed Americans to trade in New Orleans and Spain gave up their land east of the Mississippi River. |
| When and where was the French Revolution? | 1789-late 1790's in France |
| What started the revolution in France? | The country was losing money so it raised taxes on the poor, who were already starving from bad harvests. |
| Who were the Jacobins? | Extreme french revolutionaries who attacked the royal residence and arrested the King and Queen of France. |
| Who were the King and Queen of France during the French Revolution? | King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. |
| What happened to the king and queen at the end of the revolution? | They were sent to the guillotine in 1793. |
| Who took the place of the King and Queen of France after the French Revolution? | Napoleon Bonaparte |
| What part did the United States have in the French Revolution? | The French had loaned us a lot of money to help our American Revolution and that made the country of France poor. |
| Did the Americans want to help the revolutionaries in France? | Yes, some of them did because we had a treaty with France starting in 1778 and we wanted to honor that treaty. |
| How did Alexander Hamilton feel about the French Revolution? | The French were starting to go after the British king too, so Hamilton supported the British not the French. |
| What did our president, George Washington do about the French Revolution? Why? | Nothing, he took a position of neutrality and said he wouldn't support France or Britain. As a new nation, we couldn't afford to go back to war and if Britain won, we could risk becoming part of Britain again. |
| Why did Thomas Jefferson resign as Secretary of State in 1793? | Many people were mad at him because he supported the French in the French Revolution. |
| Who became president after George Washington? | John Adams |
| What type of government did John Adams favor? | Federalist |
| Who was John Adams Vice President, why? | Thomas Jefferson, due to the number of electoral votes he got. The Constitution said that the runner-up in Electoral votes gets to be Vice President.It doesn't take into account political parties because they were not created yet. |
| How does the election of 1796 begin the idea of sectionalism in our country? | The South supported Jefferson, the North supported Adams because each thought the candidate they supported would help their part of the country. |
| How did the XYZ Affair of 1798 get its name? | From three low French officials that Adams called XYZ (instead of using their names). |
| What did the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 have to do with? | residency requirements and punishments for speaking out against the government. |
| Which Amendment did the Alien and Sedition Acts violate? | The First Amendment |
| Who were the "midnight judges"? | The judges that John Adams put into office just before he left office after Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1801. |
| What is the Supreme Court case of Marbury vs. Madison (1803)? | Marbury was one of the midnight judges that didn't get his papers before Adams left office. He still wanted to be a Supreme Court Judge but he was not allowed. |
| Who won the election of 1800? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Who was the candidate that was defeated in the election of 1800? | John Adams |
| Who had an equal number of electoral votes as Jefferson, causing the House of Representatives to have to vote? | Aaron Burrs |
| What did Jefferson want to do in the government? | Cut spending and open up free trade. |
| What was the Louisiana Purchase of 1803? | A land purchase made from France during Jefferson's presidency that doubled the size of our country. |
| Who did Jefferson send to explore this new area of our country? | Meriwether Lewis William Clark. |
| What cultural feature was created due to the new size of our country? | The Cumberland Road or National Road which connected Cumberland Maryland to the Ohio River. Work began in 1811. It is the only road to be built using only government money. |
| Where did Lewis and Clark leave from in May of 1804? | St. Louis, Missouri |
| How far did they travel? | 8,000 miles from St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean and back again. |
| Who helped them as a guide and interpreter? | The Shoshone woman, Sacajawea |
| Who else accompanied Lewis and Clark on their exploration? | soldiers, Sacajawea's husband and child, hunters/trappers, river boat men and others. |
| What is impressment? | When the British captured American ships they would force the sailors to serve on British ships. |
| What is sectionalism? | Placing the interests of one region over those of the nation. |
| What is an alliance? | A pact or friendship between two parties for the mutual benefit of both. |
| What is a tariff? | An import tax on goods. |
| What is an excise tax? | A tax on a product's sale and distribution. |
| What is revenue? | Income of the government from taxes. |
| What is a pioneer? | The first people to enter a new region. |
| What is the frontier? | The edge of a settlement. |
| What is an expedition? | A journey taken by a group of people with a definite plan in mind of where they want to go and what they want to find. |
| Why did the Congress have the Alien & Sedition Acts of 1798 expire on March 4, 1800 (the inauguration date of the new president)? | If the new president was from the Democratic-Republican party, they could punish all the Federalist printers and publishers that criticized them, turning the tables on the Federalists. |
| Why was the United States able to make the Louisiana Purchase from France? | France needed money because they had been fighting Britain for many years and the country was bankrupt, Napoleon sold the land to get the money his country needed. |
| What did the XYZ Affair accomplish? | It prompted Congress to create a navy, it showed that a president (Adams) could solve problems with diplomacy (talking) and it showed that we were a nation that should be taken seriously. |
| How did philosophy influence the French Revolution? | Just like John Locke's ideas influenced our ideas of freedom, Jean Jacques Rousseau's and Voltaire's ideas lead the poor French to believe they deserved freedom too. |
Created by:
mdavis
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