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Mod US History Final

Study guide for Mrs. Farris' History Final

QuestionAnswer
Those who went to seek their fortune in the California Gold Rush were called what? Forty-Niners
This is a form of mining that does not require intense work and is usually done based on finding precious minerals on or near the surface. "Placer Mining"
What bought the first wave of settlers tot he West? Gold
In 1859, when prospector Henry Comstock staked a claim in Six-Mile Canyon, Nevada, the sticky blue-gray mud there turned out to be what? Nearly pure silver ore
Deep deposits of lead that contained large amounts of silver led to the creation of one of the most legendary boomtowns that dotted the mining frontier. Virginia City, Nevada
Eventually, and after considerable loss of life, the open range was largely fenced off with a new invention called what? Barbed wire
What were hardships early settlers faced? prices of crops dropped from overabundance, drought.
Settlement of the Great Plains was promoted by railroads and supported by the...? Homestead Act and the government
In 1819, Stephen Long explored the Great Plains region and called it... "The Great American Desert"
Many of the first miners in the Colorado mountains did not find minerals because... they were hidden beneath the surface and hard to extract
The Chisholm Trail was a trail that... was the major route North
At first, ranchers saw barbed wire as a threat because.. it abandoned open range to prevent cattle from roaming
One approach to farming the Great Plains was "dry farming" in which farmers... planted seeds deep in the ground where moisture was
The material for "dime novels" often came from... cowboys stories as long drivers.
Before the Sand Creek Massacre, the Native Americans had come to Camp Lyon to.. negotiate
The confrontation at Wounded Knee occurred because the chief's followers... continued to perform the "ghost dance" after being told to stop.
Roaming cast distances, the Sioux and the Dakota were... Nomads
By the early 1900s, Americans had transformed the United States into the world's leading... Industrial nation
Who invented the telephone? Alexander Graham Bell
This railroad was honestly operated without government subsides or land grants, became the most successful, and was the only one not forced into bankruptcy. The Great Northern Railroad
The railway boom began in 1862, when President Abraham Lincoln signed the... Pacific Railway Act
This railroad began the push west in the quest to build the transcontinental railroad. Union Pacific
Loans,mortgages,and taxes are examples of a company's... Fixed costs
What type of company does not produce anything itself? Holding Company
What did several railroads announce in July of 1877 that triggered the first nationwide labor protest? wage cuts
The first leader of the American Federation of Labor, Samuel Gompers, believed that unions should stay out of... Politics
Workers who tried to organize a union or strike were often fired and placed on a list of "troublemakers" called the... Blacklist
Who claimed that after the workers' revolution, the government would seize all property and create a socialist society where wealth was evenly divided. Carl Marx
Even before the invention of the automobile, petroleum was in high demand because it could... create gas
Because of the shortage of workers in California, the Central Pacific Railroad hired workers from... China
Railroad companies raised most of the money they needed to build their railroads from... land grants
The two railroads that built the transcontinental railroad were... Union Pacific and Central Pacific
To make rail service more reliable, in 1883 the American Railway Association... divided the country into four time ones
In the Credit Mobilier scandal, Union Pacific investors for rich by... overcharging the Union Pacific
This was a technique used for breaking a union in which the company refused to allow the workers on the property and refused to pay them. lockout
He is remembered for the creation of the first transatlantic cable. Cyrus Westfield
Nativism had focused primarily on Irish immigrants but grew to include Asians, Jews, and... Eastern Europeans
By the 1890s, immigrants made up significant percentages of some of the country's largest... cities
Where did many Chinese settle? California
What law, passed in 1882, barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented the Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens? Chinese-Exclusion Act
The processing center for the cast majority of immigrants arriving on the East Coast was at... Ellis Island
What was the famous New York Democratic political machine called? Tammany Hall
American's industrialization not only made some people wealthy; it also helped create a growing... economy
William M. Tweed was... a famous party boss
Nativists wanted to... kick out all the immigrants
The ideas of philosopher Herbert Spencer and others applied Charles Darwin's Theory of evolution and natural selection to human society and was called... Social Darwinism
The Gospel of Wealth was philosophy that held that wealthy Americans were responsible for using their great fortunes for social progress, of for engaging in... Philanthropy
Just as Darwin had looked at the natural world scientifically, a new movement in art and literature moved away from romanticism and was called... Realism
Popular culture changed in the late 1800s because industrialization improved that standard of living for many people, enabling them to spend money on... entertainment and recreation
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