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Bethel Chapter 5 SS
Bethel 6th Grade SS Chapter 5- New Industries and People
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What groups of people played an important role in constructing the transcontinental railroad? | Chinese and the Irish |
| What did the United States government do to speed up progress on the railroad? | Gave railroad companies land and money based on how much track they laid |
| How did the transcontinental railroad benefit the nation? | United country by connecting East and West coasts. Made travel easier for people. Made moving products and raw materials easier and saved costs. |
| How did the growth of the steel industry change cities and railroads? | Steel frames enabled cities to have taller buildings and suspended bridges. Steel rails made longer lasting tracks. Allowed trains to carry more goods and supplies. |
| Whose inventions made electricity available to many homes and businesses ? | Thomas Alva Edison |
| Between 1860-1910, how many immigrants came upon American shores? | twenty-three million (23,000,000) |
| Once immigrants arrived in the U.S., what areas did they most often settle in? | the cities |
| How did advertisements increase immigration? | they attracted poor people who needed jobs |
| What did many of the immigrants live in during the 1800's and early 1900's? | tenements |
| Where did most European immigrants come into America? | Ellis Island in the New York Harbor |
| Where did most Asian immigrants come into America? | Angel Island in the San Francisco Bay |
| What reasons did Americans have for being upset about immigrants coming into the U.S.? | Immigrants aren't qualified to be in the U.S. because they have little education and cannot speak English. The immigrants were taking their jobs. |
| What act was passed by Congress to prevent Asian immigrants from coming into the U.S.? | Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 |
| George Westinghouse | Created air brakes for trains |
| Granville T. Woods | Improved air brakes and developed telegraph system that allowed workers on different trains to communicate |
| Theodore Judah | Engineer who traveled through the West's rugged mountains 23 times to find a possible route. Also in with The Big Four that formed the Central Pacific Railroad |
| The Big Four (Leland Stanford, Collis P. Huntington, Mark Hopkins, Charles Crocker) | Formed the Central Pacific Railroad Company |
| Edwin Blake | Drilled an oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859 |
| John D. Rockefeller | Built oil refinery near Cleveland, Ohio- combined several refineries to create Standard Oil Company |
| Andrew Carnegie | Created a stronger steel by melting iron ore and other materials |
| William Jenney | Used steel beams to construct skyscrapers |
| John Roebling | Used steel cables and beams to build suspended bridges- Brooklyn Bridge |
| Thomas Alva Edison | Created telegraph system and set up first central electrical power system in New York City |
| Israel Zangwill | Immigrant who wrote a play called "The Melting Pot" |
| Irving Berlin | Immigrant songwriter who wrote "God Bless America" |
| John Philip Sousa | Immigrant songwriter who wrote the march "The Stars and Stripes Forever" |
| Jacob Riis | Newspaper reporter whose photographs and descriptions of poor living conditions in New York City tenements opened peoples eyes to the problems |
| Jane Addams | Started settlement house called Hull House in Chicago |
| Lillian Wald | Started the Henry Street settlement house in New York City |
| Andrew S. Hallidie | Invented the cable car in 1871 |
| Frank Sprague | Built electric street car known as a trolley car |
| Samuel Gompers | Labor leader who helped organized the American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
| transcontinental railroad | railroad that crosses the entire continent from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast |
| free enterprise | economic system in which people are free to start an run their own businesses with only limited control by the government |
| petroleum | oil |
| entrepreneur | a person who sets up and runs a business |
| tenement | a poor built apartment building |
| regulation | controls |
| settlement house | a community center where people could learn new skills and get food and medical care |
| labor union | a group of workers who join together to improve their working conditions |
| strike | workers refusing to work until employers meet their demands |
| collective bargaining | allows employers and workers to discuss and agree on working conditions |
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