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History Fall Vocab
Social Studies Vocab for Fall Semester
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Joint Stock Company | A company that was backed by investors to earn profits |
| Indentured Servant | They sold their labor to pay for passage to a colony |
| Puritan | A reformer within the Church of England who wanted to purify the religion. |
| William Penn | the founder of Pennsylvania |
| Roanoke | 1st English colony in America, but was unsuccessful |
| Charter | Charter is a government issued written contract |
| House of Burgesses | First representative government is the American colonies |
| Jamestown | 1st successful English colony in America. |
| John Smith | A soldier and adventurer who took control over Jamestown in 1608. |
| Indentures servants | People who sold their labor for passage into the colonies. |
| Quaker | a religion that believed that all people should live in peace and harmony. |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | Considered as first written constitution in America. Made a set of laws that had to be obeyed in Connecticut. |
| Pilgrims | a group of religious separatists. |
| Royal Colony | A colony that was ruled by a governor appointed by the King |
| Mayflower Compact | It established the idea of representative government in the colonies. |
| Proprietary colony | a colony in which the landowner of the colony had all the right of governing |
| James Oglethorpe | Founder of Georgia |
| Backcountry | The region towards the leeward side of the Appalachian mountains |
| Smuggling | Illegal importing or exporting of goods. |
| Overseer | Men hired to look over the work of the slaves in the plantations. |
| Subsistence farming | The growing of crops that is sufficient only for a person’s family and a little for trade. |
| Cash crops | crops that are grown for a profit. |
| Appalachian Mountains | the mountain range towards the west coast of America. |
| Triangle trade | trade links between New England, West Indies and Africa where New England trades made a huge profit. |
| Diversity | a variety of people |
| Navigation acts | Acts imposed on the American Colonies by England in order to make money of the colonies. |
| Indigo | a blue dye |
| Great Awakening | a religious revival |
| Benjamin Franklin | an inventor and writer who was a part of the Enlightenment and later was a very powerful man in the United States of America. |
| Salutary neglect | England make laws governing the colonies but did not enforce them, thus they neglected the colonies. |
| Albany Plan of Union | a plan made by Benjamin Franklin which called for all colonies to unite, but, it failed. |
| Proclamation of 1763 | It forbade colonists from settling towards the west of Appalachian Mountains in order to avoid conflict with Native Americans. |
| Jonathan Edwards | a preacher who was a part of the Great Awakening. |
| John Locke | A man who was the part of the Great Awakening and argued that the people should have natural rights. |
| John Peter Zenger | Publisher of New-York Weekly Journal. |
| George Whitefield | a preacher who was part of the Great Awakening and raised funds for orphans. |
| Magna Carta | A document signed by King John which guaranteed important rights to English Noblemen and Freemen. |
| French and Indian War | |
| Treaty of Paris 1763 | It declared the end of the French of Indian War and gave all lands toward the west of River Mississippi to British. |
| Pontiac’s Rebellion | A Native American, Pontiac revolted against the British and attacked British forts. |
| Enlightenment | a scientific revival |
| Parliament | England’s chief law-making body. |
| King George III | The British monarch during 1765. |
| Quartering Act | It required for colonies to quarter British soldiers and provide them supplies. This was a cost saving measure from the British side. |
| Stamp Act | This law required for all legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp. |
| Patrick Henry | A member of the Virginia House of Burgesses who called for resistance to tax. He also said, “Give me life….or give me death.” |
| Boycott | A refusal to buy |
| Sons of Liberty | A group of lawyers, craftsmen, and merchants who staged protests against England for the Stamp Act. |
| Townshend Acts | Acts made by the Finance Minister of the King, Charles Townshend which was made for raising revenue. It suspended New York’s assembly till they quartered troops and it imposed duty on goods such as tea, glass and so on. |
| Writs of assistance | They were search warrants to enter homes and businesses in search of smuggled goods. |
| Samuel Adams | cousin of John Adams and the leader of the Boston Sons of Liberty. |
| Boston Massacre | A shooting where British soldiers open fires on Boston Dockyard workers and killed 4 of them including Crispus Attucks which was a symbol of tyranny. |
| Committee of Correspondence | A group of people who exchanged letters over colonial affairs. |
| Boston Tea Party | On the December 16, 1773, a group of men form the Sons of Liberty disguised themselves as Native Americans boarded into 3 ships docked in Boston Harbor. They destroyed 342 chests of tea and dumped it into the harbor. |
| Intolerable Acts | Acts that were imposed on the Massachusetts colony by England as they were angered by the Boston Tea Party. This was imposed on the Massachusetts Colony as a punishment and serve as a warning for other states. |
| 1st Continental Congress | The 1st continental congress is a meeting where delegates form all colonies except Georgia in September 1774. They boycotted trade with Great Britain. |
| Paul Revere | he was a Boston blacksmith, who was the second messenger who passed the message about British troop movement in the colonies. |
| Loyalist | A person who was loyal to the Great Britain. |
| Patriot | A person who supported the Americans during the revolution. |
| Lexington and Concord | 1st Battles of the Revolution, where the rebels made Britain suffer a huge loss of troops. |
| 2nd Continental Congress | It was a meeting which was held on May 10, 1775 after the Lexington and Concord battles, where George Washington was appointed as the commanding general of the Continental Army and America started acting as a government. |
| Benedict Arnold | A soldier who turned traitor as he was not appreciated for his bravery in the Battle of Saratoga and his wife was a loyalist. |
| Thomas Jefferson | The author of the Declaration of Independence and later a vice-president of the United States of America. |
| Declaration of Independence | A document written by Thomas Jefferson, in which the 13 colonies declare independence from Great Britain as the United States of America. |
| Sugar Act | An act that imposed tax on sugar, molasses and other products those were imported. |
| Thomas Paine | The author of the Common Sense and American’s Crisis. |
| Tea Act | Tea trade to the colonies was taken over by the British East India Company. |
| George Washington | the commander of the Continental Army who later became the president of the constitution convention and United States of America. |
| Mercenary | a paid soldier who fight for a country other than his own. |
| Strategy | Strategy is an overall plan of action |
| Battle of Saratoga | It is the turning point in the American Revolution where General Burgoyne surrendered to the Continental Army, Benedict Arnold became a traitor and Americans got French and Spanish support. |
| Bayonet | It is a long steel knife attached to the ends of a gun. |
| Desert | leaving military duty without intending to return. |
| Privateer | A privately owned ship that is given permission by a wartime government to attack enemy’s merchant ship. |
| John Paul Jones | A Scottish Sailor who helped the rebels during revolution. He won the sea battle against Britain, the world’s best navy at that time. He was called the Naval Hero since then. |
| Lord Cornwallis | A British General who surrendered to George Washington in the Battle of Yorktown which ended the American Revolution. |
| Guerilla | Hit and run fighting tactics that was used by Lafayette in the South. |
| Battle of Yorktown | This battle took place in Yorktown, Virginia where Lord Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington and it was considered to be the final battle of the revolution. |
| Benedict Arnold | A soldier who turned traitor as he was not appreciated for his bravery in the Battle of Saratoga and his wife was a loyalist. |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | A document the officially gave independence to United States of America from Great Britain and gave all land east of River Mississippi to USA. |
| Valley Forge | A place in Pennsylvania where the Washington’s Continental Army suffered from harsh weather and lack of supplies and 1/4th of the soldiers dies due to disease or weather. |
| Marquis de Lafayette | He was a 19-year old nobleman from France who brought money and supplies for the Americans and volunteered to serve in the Continental Army. |
| Treason | It is the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's nation. |
| Articles of Confederation | A blueprint to the US government and it passed the Land Ordinance and Northwest Ordinance of 1785 and it ruled over the country during the revolutionary war. But, it was a failure and was replaced by the Constitution. |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | It called for surveyor to stack 6-miles-square plots called township. |
| Northwest Territory | The western land states that currently form the states of Wisconsin, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan and Kentucky. |
| Northwest Ordinance | The Northwest Ordinance described how the Northwest Territory was to be governed and it describes how states were to be added and that system is followed even today. |
| Shay’s Rebellion | A rebellion led by Daniel Shay’s, where debt-ridden farmers protested against the Massachusetts Legislature as it failed to provide them with debt relief. |
| Constitution Convention | The meeting that took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where 55 delegates met to originally discuss about amending the Articles of Confederation but ended up drifting the US Constitution. |
| James Madison | He was a delegate from Virginia who helped in making the Virginia Plan and wrote the constitution of the United States of America. |
| Virginia Plan | A plan of government which called for 3 branches of government, 2 houses of legislature and representation based on wealth of population. |
| New Jersey Plan | A plan of government that called for 3 branches of government, 1 house of legislature and equal representation. |
| Great Compromise | A plan of government, which was a solution between the clashes between New Jersey and Virginia Plan. |
| 3/5th Compromise | This solved the problem of counting slaves for representation. It stated that 3/5th of the slave population were to be considered for direct taxation and representation. It also said that importing of slaves was to be stopped by 1808. |
| Federalists | People who supported the ratification of the constitution. |
| Anti-Federalists | People who did not support the ratification of the constitution. |
| The Federalist Paper | The best known essays written by the federalists which was written for support for ratification of constitution. |
| George Mason | The most influential man in Virginia (except Washington) who was an anti-federalist. |
| Bill of Rights | The first 10 amendments in the US Constitution, which was made to protect the individual rights of the people. |
| Popular Sovereignty | The government in which the people rule. |
| Republicanism | The people exercise their power by voting for their political representatives. |
| Federalism | Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central government and smaller political units, such as states. |
| Separation of Powers | Dividing powers of the national government into three branches of government so that the national government as one unit does not get over powerful. |
| Checks and Balances | Each branch of government can check/control over the power of other 2 branches of government. |
| Limited Government | It says that every American citizen, from an ordinary man to president have to obey the same law of land. |
| Individual Rights | Individual Rights are a set of rights that are given by a power that are more than the government that is protected by the Bill of Rights that is the first 10 amendments in the US constitution. |
| Preamble | The preamble defines the purpose of the Constitution. |
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