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History Boland
Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| latitude | distance north or south of the equator |
| longitude | distance east or west of the prime meridian |
| prehistory | period of time before writing was invented |
| archeology | study of the lives of early people through examination of their remains |
| technology | tools and skills people used to meet their basic needs |
| artifact | object made by a human being |
| historian | person who studies how people lived in the past through written records |
| geography | study of the people their enviroments and their recources |
| equator | an invisible line that separates the Northern and southern hemisphere |
| prime meridian | line that separates the eastern and western hemispheres |
| nomad | person who moves from place to placein search of food |
| pharaoh | titles of rulers in ancient egypt |
| tyrant | in ancient Greece, a ruler who gained power by force |
| artisan | skilled craftsworker |
| scribe | in ancient civilizations, specially trained person who knew how to read and write |
| Democracy | government in which the people hold ruling power |
| Direct Democracy | system of government in which citizens participate directly rather then through elected representatives |
| Bureacracy | system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials |
| Feudalism | closely organized system of government in which local lords own the land and the people work it |
| Patriarchy | the highest church official in a major city |
| Oligarchy | system of government in which ruling power belongs to business class |
| dynasty | ruling family in China |
| hierarchy | government with a system of ranks |
| aristocracy | government headed by a priviledged minority or upper class |
| Code of Hammurabi | a code of harsh laws set down by Hammurabi |
| The Ten Commandments | a christian code of guidelines |
| Bhagavad-Gita | a story from India about detaching yourself from personal desire |
| Four Noble Truths | -life has suffering,pain and sorrow-cause is materialistic things-overcome desire-follow eightfold path |
| monarchy | government in which a king or queen holds ruling power |
| Polis | city-state in ancient Greece |
| Acropolis | hilltop fortress of an ancient Greek city state |
| city-state | political unit made up of a city and the surrounding land |
| empire | groups of states or territories controlled by one ruler |
| ziggurat | pyramid temple dedicated to the cheif god or goddess of an ancient Sumarian city-state |
| rajah | elected chief of an Ayran tribe in Ancient India |
| dharma | in Hinduisim individuals religiousand moral duties |
| shiva | Hindu god the destroyer |
| caste | unchangable social group into which a person is born |
| brahman | Aryan belief-the single spiritual power that resides in all things |
| Dynastic cycle | rise and fallof Chinese dynasties accordingto the Mandate of Heaven |
| Mummification | practice of preservingthe bodies of the dead |
| reincarnation | in Hinduism, belief in the rebirth of the soul in another bodily form |
| Circus Maximus | Rome's largest racecourse where chariots raced |
| breads and circuses | a program where grain and circuses made up for government taxes |
| nirvana | in Buddism, union with the universe and release from rebirth |
| karma | in Hindu belief all the actions that affect a person's next life |
| yin & yang | a balance of two forces - one light , one dark |
| covenant | binding agreement |
| subcontinent | a large landmass that juts out from a continent |
| monsoon | seasonal wind |
| glacier | thick sheet of ice that covers part of the earths surface during the ice age |
| Hellenistic Culture | Elaborate art and schools of philosophy |
| strait | narrow water passage connecting two bodies of water |
| cultural diffusion | the spread of ideas customs, and technologies from one people to another |
| New/Neolithic Age | the period of time when nomads settled down |
| Old/Paleolithic Stone age | the time period where people were nomads |
| sanscrit | language of writing developed by the Indians |
| legislature | lawmaking body |
| senate | a group of senators who represent the people |
| Hierogyphics | Form of picture writings that was developed by the ancient Egyptians |
| cuneiform | wedged shaped writing of the Sumarians |
| Alphabet | letters developed by the Phoenicians |
| Monotheism | belief in only one god |
| Polytheism | belief in two or more gods |
| Skara Brae | 5,000 year old village (neolithic age) |
| Knossos | a city in Crete |
| Sumarians | first civilization on the fertile cresent |
| Phoenicians | the first civilization to invent the alphabet |
| Hitties | first to use ironmaking |
| Babylonians | They pushed the fontiers of learning through Neb. |
| Parthenon | most famous temple in Greece |
| Minoans | Small civilization on Crete |
| Myceneans | First civilization in Greece |
| Lydians | They made the coin |
| Mohammad | Founder of the Islamic Religion |
| Abraham | The founder of the Christian Religion |
| Confucius | influential philosopher in China |
| Zeus | the most powerful Greek God |
| Dorians | conquered Greece |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher who taught Plato - studied best government |
| Plato | emphasized importance of reason and divided society into 3 classes |
| Hippocrates | a scientist who started the study of medicine |
| Pythagoras | Mathematian who invented the Pythagory Theorm |
| King Philip | conquered Greece single handedly |
| Alexander the Great | a great conquerer in Greece and invented the Hellenistic |
| Pericles | a ruler in Greece who brought an artistic age |
| Hammurabi | a strict ruler who published a code of laws |
| Archimedes | the most famous Hellenistic scientist who made practical inventions |
| Homer | Blind poet credited with writing the Illiad and the Odessey |
| Salon | informal gathering where writers artists philosophers exange ideas |
| Trojan War | a war between Greece and Troy |
| Peloponnesian War | a war between Athens & the allies Sparta and Persia |
| Persian War | a war between Athens & Persia |
| Punic War | a series of 3 wars between Rome & Carthage |
| Buddism | a religion based on trying to find enlightenment |
| Christianity | a monotheistic, religion who believes in eternal life |
| Judaism | a monotheistic, religion that is like christianty but only believes in the first testament |
| Hinduism | polytheistic religion, center of teachings non-violence |
| Islam | they believed in the 5 pillers |
| Daoism | a religion that focuses on harmony with nature |
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