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Neuroanat Rev NPTE
Neuroanatomy Review NPTE scorebuilders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| General Function of Cerebellum | Responsible for fine tuning of movement. Assists with maintain posture and balance. Regulates muscle tone, Controls rapid alternating movements. |
| Signs & Symptoms of Cerebellar lesions | symptoms are ipsilateral to damaged side Ataxia,nystagmus,Tremor(intention, postural) dysmetria, Hypotonia titubations, dysdiadochokinesia, poor coordination, deficits in postural reflexes, balance, and equilibrium. |
| Floculonodular(Archicerebellum) lobe Function | Connects with vestibular system, Deals with equilibrium and regulation of muscle tone. Helps coordinate VOR. |
| Anterior lobe (Paleocerebellum) Function | Deals with modifying muscle tone and synergistic actions of muscles. Important in maintenance of posture and voluntary movement control |
| Posterior lobe (Neocerebellum) Function | Deals with smooth coordination of voluntary movements. Makes sure of accurate force, direction, and extent of movement. Important for motor learning. |
| Posterior/Dorsal Column | Sensory tract relaying information on proprioception, vibration, and discriminative touch(2-point discrimination, & Graphesthesia) Cuneatus= UE,Trunk,Neck Gracilis= LE, Trunk |
| Spinocerebellar tract (Dorsal & Ventral) | Sensory tract that ascends to cerebellum for information dealing with subconscious proprioception, tension in muscles, joint sense, and posture of trunk & LE(Dorsal). UE,LE,&Trunk(Ventral). Symptoms ipsilateral to damaged hemisphere side. |
| Spino-Olivary tract | ascends to cerebellum and sends information from cutaneous and proprioceptive organs. |
| Spinoreticular tract | Afferent pathway for the reticular formation. It influences levels of consciousness. |
| Spinotectal tract | Sensory tract providing afferent Information for spinovisual reflexes and assists with movement of eyes and head towards a stimulus. (Ascending component of MLF?) |
| Spinothalamic tracts (Anterior & Lateral) | Lateral = sends up information dealing with pain and temperature. Anterior = sends up information dealing with light touch and pressure. |
| Ascending Tracts | - Posterior Column - Spinocerebellar tract - Spino-Olivary tract - Spinoreticular tract - Spinotectal tract - Spinothalamic tract |
| Pyramidal tracts & Results of damage | Anterior & Lateral Corticospinal Results of damage: Positive babinski sign, absent superficial abdominal relfexes and cremasteric reflex, and loss of fine motor or skilled voluntary movement. |
| Extrapyramidal tracts & Results of damage | - Reticulospinal tract - Rubrospinal tract - Tectospinal tract - Vestibulospinal tract Results of damage: significant paralysis, hypertonicity, exaggerated DTR's, Clasp-knife rxn. |
| Basal Ganglia function and components | Composed of caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nuclei. Collectively responsible for voluntary movement, regulation of autonomic movement, posture, muscle tone, and control of motor responses |
| Corticospinal Tract (anterior & lateral) | Pyramidal motor tract responsible for voluntary discrete and skilled movements |
| Reticulospinal tract | Extrapyramidal motor tract responsible for facilitation or inhibition of voluntary and reflex activity through the influence on alpha and gamma motor neurons. |
| Rubrospinal tract | Extrapyramidal motor tract responsible for motor input of gross postural tone, facilitating activity of flexor muscles, and inhibiting the activity of extensor muscles. |
| Tectospinal tract | Extrapyramidal motor tract responsible for contralateral postural muscle tone associated with auditory/visual stimuli. |
| Vestibulospinal tract | Extrapyramidal motor tract responsible for ipsilateral gross postural adjustments subsequent to head movements. Facilitating activity of the extensors muscles and inhibiting activity of the flexor muscles |
| Frontal lobe functions | This lobe is responsible for Intellect, orientation, voluntary movement, Broca's area, executive function. |
| Frontal lobe impairments | Contralateral weakness, Perseveration, inattention, Emotional lability, Delayed or poor initiation, Broca's aphasia (expressive), impaired concentration, apathy,Personality changes, and antisocial behavior |
| Parietal lobe function | This lobe is responsible for receiving information associated with touch, kinesthesia, and vibration. |
| Parietal lobe impairments | Dominant hemisphere(typically left): agraphia, alexia, agnosia Non-dominant hemisphere: dressing apraxia, anosognosia Contralateral sensory deficits Impaired taste Impaired language comprehension |
| Temporal lobe function | This lobe is responsible for auditory processing, wernicke's area, and production of meaningful speech. |
| Temporal lobe impairments | Learning deficits, Wernicke's aphasia (receptive), antisocial aggressive behaviors, difficulty with facial recognition, difficulty with memory, inability to categorize objects |
| Occipital lobe function | This lobe is responsible for visual processing,judgment of distance, and vision in three dimensions. |
| Occipital lobe impairments | Homonymous hemianopsia, impaired extraocular muscle movement and visual deficits, impaired color recognition, reading & writing impairment, and cortical blindness with bilateral lobe involvement. |
| Left Hemisphere specialization/dominance | Analytical, controlled, logical, rational, Mathematical calculations, Language, Express positive emotions (love & happiness) |
| Right Hemisphere specialization/dominance | This lobes specific responsibilities include: Nonverbal processing, artistic expression, comprehension of general concepts, spatial relationships, kinesthetic awareness, mathematical reasoning, and body image awareness |
Created by:
dkhan40
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