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NWHSU Mash GA1Q4 neu
NWHSU Mash GA1Q4 Neurons
Question | Answer |
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Discuss in detail how most sympathetics are supplied to the thoracic viscera. You may begin with the white ramus communicans. | Preganglionics - synapse in the superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia and C1-4 ganglia of sympathetic trunk. Postganglionics - go to the thoracic viscera via small visceral branches. |
Besides being a 3 sensory neuron relay, list 4 general principals about afferent tracts to the cerebral cortex. | 1)crude awareness [sensations to thalamus]2) discriminating awareness [sensations to cerebral cortex] 3) most sensory neuron II axons decussate (cross over from body to brain sides) 4) "Principle of Divergence" (one-to-many sensation conduction) |
Describe in detail how most parasympathetics are supplied to pelvic viscera? | Preganglionics via pelvic splanchnic nerves, S2-4,synapse in the parasympathetic terminal ganglia near or in walls of viscera. Postganglionics to pelvic viscera, descending & sigmoid colon, rectum & upper part of anal canal. |
Describe in detail how most parasympathetics are supplied to thoracic and abdominal viscera. | Preganglionics via cranial nerve 10 to synapse in parasympathetic terminal ganglia. Postganglionics to thoracic and abdominal viscera. |
Discuss in detail how most sympathetics are supplied to the head. You may begin with the white ramus communicans. | Preganglionics go up, through the upper cervical ganglion, synapse there, then the postganglionic sympathetic neurons go to the head structures. |
How are preganglionic parasympathetics supplied to abdominal and pelvic viscera? | Preganglionics via pelvic splanchnics (S2-4) to terminal ganglia. Postganglionics to abdominal and pelvic viscera. |
How are preganglionic parasympathetics supplied to thoracic and abdominal viscera? | Preganglionics via CN 10(Vagus) to the terminal parasympathetic ganglion (near or in visceral wall); postaganglionics to thoracic and abdominal viscera |
In general, where are parasympathetic ganglia located? Afferent fibers using parasympathetic routes are, in general, of what type (do NOT give letter classification) | Located in or near organ innervated, physiological afferent |
Innervation of the deep intrinsic back muscles. | Posterior Primary Division of Spinal Nerves (Dorsal Rami) |
Innervation of thyrohyoid | Hypoglossal contribution to C1 - ansa cervicalis |
Mnemonic for Sensory, Motor or Both. | Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Bad Business Marry Money |
Name the main collateral ganglia. | Superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, celiac |
Parasympathetics have _______(long, short) preganglionic fibers. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are _________ (myelinated, non-myelinated) | Long, Myelinated |
Pharmacological classification of postganglionic sympathetic fibers? | Adrenergic |
Pharmacological classification of postganglionic sympathetics to arrector pili muscles? | Adrenergic |
Pharmacological classification of preganglionic sympathetic fibers? | Cholenergic |
Specific tract which conducts pain, temperature, pressure and crude touch. | Spinothalamic Tract |
Specific tract which conducts proprioception and discriminating(fine) touch. | Posterior White Column - Medial Leminscal System |
Specific tract which decussates (crosses) in the pyramids of the medulla (be very specific) | Lateral Corticospinal Tract |
The effector organ of a somatic reflex arc. | Skeletal m. |
The lateral horn of the spinal cord functionally contains __________ (3 letter classification) neuron cell bodies. These neurons start impulses which innervate _________. | GVE; glands, cardiac m., smooth m. |
What does a sympathetic splanichnic nerve primarily contain? Where does it end? (be specific) | Contains prefanglionic fibers. It ends at collateral ganglia. |
What does a sympathetic splanichnic nerve primarily contain? Where does it end? (be specific) | Preganglionic Fibers; the terminal and synapse in the collateral ganglia. (Upon termination of the splanchnic nerves, postganglionic fibers then travel from collateral ganglia to innervate viscera.) |
What is meant by an intersegmental reflex? | This is when the impulse involves more than 1 spinal cord segment. |
What is meant by an ipsilateral reflex? | Impulse and effector are on the same side of the body. |
Give the spinal cord segments represented by the: a. greater splanchnic n. ; b. lumbar splanchnics | a. greater - T5-T9 b. lumbar - L1-L2, L3 |
Give the spinal cord segments represented by the: a. greater splanchnic n. ; b. pelvic splanchnics | a. greater - T5-T9 b. pelvic - S2-S4 |
Give the spinal cord segments represented by the: a. least splanchnic nerve; b. pelvic splanchnics | a. least - T12; b. pelvic - S2-S4 |
Give the spinal cord segments represented by the: a. lesser splanchnic nerve; b. lumbar splanchnics | a. lesser - T10-T11; b. lumbar - L1-L2, L3 |