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PoliSci Final Review
Final Review-- Political Science, 1st Semester, Savage
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amendment 1 | This describes the 5 freedoms; freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of religion, freedom of petition, and freedom of assembly. |
| Amendment 2 | right to bear arms |
| Amendment 3 | no quartering of soldiers during peacetime |
| Amendment 4 | prohibits unreasonable seaches and seizures |
| Amendment 5 | the accused can only be brought to trial if indicted by a grand jury, guarantees due process of law, no double jeopardy, no slef incrimination, we have to right to private property and eminent domain |
| Amendment 6 | right to a lawyer and a speedy and public trial |
| Amendment 7 | guarantees a jury for all civil cases |
| Amendment 8 | no cruel and unusual punishment, no excessive bail or fines |
| Amendment 9 | other rights |
| Amendment 10 | if the federal government doesn't have the right, it belongs to the states and people |
| Amendment 11 | States cannot be sued in Federal Court by any individual |
| Amendment 12 | Each elector would now cast one vote for President and one for a Vice President (replaced Article II, Section 1, Clause III) |
| Amendment 13 | Abolished slavery |
| Amendment 14 | States cannot deny civil rights to any citizen (Bill of Rights applies to states) |
| Amendment 15 | The right to vote cannot be denied because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." |
| Amendment 16 | Congress has the power to tax personal income |
| Amendment 17 | Senators are elected by the people of each state |
| Amendment 18 | The manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the US is prohibited |
| Amendment 19 | Women have the right to vote |
| Amendment 20 | President takes office on Jan 20, not March 4. Congress begins terms on Jan 3. |
| Amendment 21 | Repealed 18th amendment |
| Amendment 22 | No President can serve more than 2 terms or 10 years |
| Amendment 23 | People who live in Washington, D.C. have the right to vote for P and VP. W, DC has 3 electoral votes. |
| Amendment 24 | Prohibits poll taxes |
| Amendment 25 | Presidential succession, what happens if President cannot carry out duties |
| Amendment 26 | Lowers minimum voting age to 18 |
| Amendment 27 | Gives pay raise to members of Congress, not enacted until next session |
| John Adams | 2nd President, only federalist P. |
| Aristotle | ancient Grecian scholar |
| Benjamin Franklin | 2 treaties, famous inventor |
| Alexander Hamilton | leader of federalists, Secretary of Treasury |
| Patrick Henry | antifederalist, "Give me liberty..." |
| Thomas Hobbes | social contract theory |
| John Jay | leader of federalists |
| Thomas Jefferson | wrote Declaration of Independence, supported Const't only if with Bill of Rights |
| John Locke | expanded social contract theory--when the gov't doesn't do their part, the people aren't obligated to either |
| James Madison | Father of Constitution/Bill of Rights, 4th President |
| Karl Marx | "The Communist Manifesto", communism |
| Gouverneur Morris | Scribe for Constitution |
| William Patterson | New Jersey/Small State Plan |
| Roger Sherman | Great/Conneticuit Compromise |
| Adam Smith | laissez-faire, "Wealth of Nations," capitalism |
| George Washington | 1st President, leader of colonies' armies |
| The Declaration of Independence | TJ, 1776, Philly |
| 1st National Gov't of US | Articles of Confederation |
| Mount Vernon and Annapolis | meetings to discuss trade; led to Constitutional Conventions |
| 4 characteristics of a state | sovreignty, government, territory, population |
| 4 theories about the origin of state | evolutionary theory, force theory, divine right theory, social contract theory |
| Framer's favorite theory of origin of state | social contract |
| 4 responsibilities of gov't | maintaining social order, providing public services, providing national security, and making economic decisions |
| weaknesses of Articles of Confederation | couldn't tax, enforce laws, make laws w/o 9/13 states' approval, regulate trade; had no executive or judicial branch |
| Libel | false written statements intended to damage a person's reputation |
| Slander | false spoken statements intended to damage a person's reputation |
| The Bill of Rights | 1st 10 amendments, 1791 |
| Search warrants | 4th amendment- must have one to conduct a search |
| Ratification of Constitution | 9/13 states needed |
| Eminent domain | power of gov't to take private property for public use |
| Self-incrimination | protected by 5th amendment |
| Proposing amendments | 2/3 each house in Congress, 2/3 states request nat'l convention |
| Ratifying amendments | 3/4 state legislatures, 3/4 state conventions |
| Admission of new states to union | Congress has sole power |
| Test CAN'T be used as qualification for holding public office | religious test |
| Types of Congressional sessions | normal, joint, special sessions |
| Date of Congressional elections | November of even numbered years |
| Sessions of Congress | begin on Jan 3 |
| Qualifications for Rep | 25 years old, citizen 7 years, resident of state |
| Qualifications for Senator | 30 years old, citizen 9 years, resident of state |
| Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1-17 | expressed powers of Congress |
| Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18 | elastic clause |
| sole power of impeachment | House |
| tries impeachment cases | Senate |
| House officers | Speaker of House, majority/minority leaders, majority/minority whips |
| Senate officers | VP, President pro Tempore, majority/minority leaders, majority/minority whips |
| Override | 2/3 Congress |
| Terms of office | Rep-2, Sen-6, Pres-4, FedJudge-life |
| Term of Congress | 2 sessions |
| # of current term | 110th |
| Joint sessions | House and Senate meet together |
| Special sessions | called in time of crisis when Congress is otherwise not in session |
| Standing committee | permanent, for specific subject |
| Select committee | temporary, for crisis/emergency |
| Joint committee | either standing or select with members from both houses |
| Conference committee | joint select; compromise on different versions of same bill passed in each house |
| House Rules Committee | schedules debate for bills |
| Filibuster, cloture | method of defeating bill in Senate; time restriction on speaking to prevent the above |
| Loose Constructionists | Alexander Hamilton; liked elastic clause |
| Strict Constructionists | TJ; thought elastic clause should only be used in dire situtuations |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | Bank of US; major victory for Loose Constructionists |
| 5 sources of ideas for bills | executive branch(main source), citizens, groups of citizens, member of Congress, committee of Congress |
| Bill death | 90% bills die in committee |
| Presidential salary | $400K/year, determined by Congress |
| Presidential succession | VP--Speaker--President pro Tempore--Secretary of State--Secretary of Treasury |
| electors per state | # members in Congress from state |
| Military powers of President | Commander in Chief |
| Presidents that have been impeached | Andrew Johnson, Richard Nixon, Bill Clinton |
| 22nd Amendment--why? | FDR served more than 2 terms |
| 25th Amendment--why? | Kennedy was assasinated |
| Presidential benefits | salary, use of personal transportation, free healthcare, lives in White House, lifetime pension |
| 2 duties of VP | oversees Senate, determines Presidential disability |
| Tradition of serving two terms | set by George Washington, broken by FDR |
| 1st two American political parties | Federalists and Democratic-Republicans |
| 3 formal qualifications for President | 35 years old, natural-born citizen, resident for 14 years |
| informal qualifications for President | male, white, Christian, married, descended from immigrants of N. Europe, financially successful, lawyers, previous political positions, if not political-generals, politically moderate |
| Presidents who died in office of natural causes | Harrison, Taylor, Harding, FDR |
| Presidents who were assasinated in office | Lincoln, Garfield, McKinley, JFK |
| Opinions of Supreme Court | majority/concurring written by justices of majority; dissenting written by justice of minority |
| Supreme Court appointed and approved by | appointed by Pres, confirmed by Senate |
| Rule of Four | if 4 judges want to review a case, it will be reviewed |
| Federal Court Jurisdiction | federal laws, Constitution, treaties with foreign nations, cases involving foreign ambassadors, 2 or more states, US gov't/office/agencies, citizens who are residents of different states, citizens who claim land under different states |
| Sessions of Supreme Court | begin 1st Monday in October, end somewhere around June |
| Judicial review | Supeme court has power to check other branches |
| Dual system of courts | Federal and State courts parallel but only intersect at Supreme Court |
| Minor offense | results in ticket or citation |
| Misdemeanor | up to a year in prison |
| Felony | more that a year or death sentence |
| Marbury v. Madison | established judicial review; Marbury wanted to be a judge |
| Supreme court annual salary | Chief justice: $212,100; Associate justices: $203,000 |
| Removal of federal judges | impeachment or by a disciplinary board/committee |
| Supreme Law of the Land | Constitution |
| Briefs | submitted by each side and by amicus curiae to Supreme Court |
| Supreme court tie? | lower court's decision stands |
| Evidence needed for a criminal case | to prove beyond reasonable doubt |
| proof needed for civil case | more than opponent (preponderance) |
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