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Early Humans
| Termof Vocab | Definition |
|---|---|
| history | The written and other recorded events of people. |
| Prehistory | Before history: the events in the period of time before writing was invented. |
| Archaeologist | A scientist who examines bones,tools,structures and other objects to learn about past people and cultures. |
| Oral tradition | Stories pasted down through generations by word of mouth. |
| Nomad | A person who has no single,settled home. |
| Fertile | Land or soil that contains substances plants need in order to grow. |
| domesticate | To tame animals and raise them to be used by humans. |
| irrigation | Supplying land with water through network of canals. |
| surplus | More of a thing or product than is neeeded. |
| artisan | a worker who is a especially skilled in making something,such as baskets,leather goods,tools,jewlary,pottery,or clothes. |
| civilization | A society with cities,a central goverment run by offical leaders, and workers who specialize in certain jobs,leading to scial classes.Writing ,art, and architecture alson characterize a civilization. |
| social class | A group, or class, that is made up of people with similar backgrounds,wealth,and ways of living. |
| neolithic | The New Stone Age;pertaining to,ocharacteristic of the last phase of the Stone Age,marked by the domeasticated of animals,the development of stoned meal tools and the manufactured of pottery and texiles. |
| Forensics | A systematic,scientific approach to investigate or analyze physical evdence to solve a crime or answer scientific questions (Ex: CSI or Bones television shows). |
| Forensic anthropology | Usually for the recovery and identification of skeletonized humans remains. |
| Forensic Archaeology | The application of a combination of archaeological techniques amd forensic science,typically in law enforcement. |
| Radio Carbon dating | Determination of age of ojects of organic origin by measurement of the radio activity of their carbon context. |
| Clovis | of or pertaining to a Paleo Indian cultural tradition of NA,esp. The American SW,dated 10,000 - 9000 B>C and characterized by a usually bifacial,fluted stone projectile point (Clovis Point)used in bid game hunting. |
| Smithsonian Institution | An institution in Washingtion D.C. Founded 1846 with grant left by james Smithson,for the increase and diffusion of knowlege: U.S national museum and repository. |
| N.A.G.P.R.A | native American Graves Preservation & Repatiation Act: law that requires that all ancient skeletons and gravesites in the U.S be considered sacred Native American remains and turne dover to selected tribes for reburial. |
| Cavcasian - Anthropology | Pertaining to,or characteristic of 1 of the traditional racial divisons of human kind marked by fair to dark skin,straight to tightly curled hair, and light to very dark eyes, and normally inhabiting Europe,partrs of N Africa,w Asia and India. |
| Migration | the process or act of migrating movement ny humans,animals,birds,etc.For the purpose of following the food supply,seasonal migration to nesting/spawning areas,etc. |
| Domesticate | To convert(animals,plants,etc) to domestic uses :tame. |
| atlatl | Spear or dart thrower made from wood or n=bone tht acts as an extansion of the human arm allowing the projectile to be thrown with more force. |
| Neanderthals | Fossils of early humans found in neanderthals,Germany who lived in W Europe, W Asia and the Near E from 200,000 yrs ago untile they disappeared around 30,000 yrs ago . likely co existed for a time with mordern Cro magnon (Homo sapiens sapiens)people. |
| Homo Sapiens sapiens | meaning "wise man" or the 1st modern humans. The 1st anatomically humans emerged around 100,00 yrs ago,as part of the second migration out of E Africa.Taller and more intelligent (larger brain) than Neanderthals, who they eventually displaced. |
| Hominid | walks up right on 2 legs,not on all four. |
| Bering land bridge | Land conecting alaska(N.America) and Siberia(Asia) that was exposed during the last Ice Age when sea levels were much lower due to massive continental glaciers. |
| glacier | A huge,slow moving mass of ice and snow that retain vast amount of water,and slowley grind and shape the land surface underneath.The N America glacier is believed to have been over 2 miles thick and extended out to the continental shelf! |
| Ice Age | There have beeen 11 ice ages in earth's 4.6 mill yr in history.The last ice age (Pleistocene)ended around 11,0p00 yrs ago. All the continents were mostly covered by extensive glaciers and which caused dramatic lowering of sea levels,showiing more land. |
| Australopithecus | Meaning "Southern ape": this early hominid discovered in S Africa comdined walked upright and combined features of both apes and man. (Known as "Lucy", 3'6" tall with hands and ft wth more ape like features - 3 million yrs old). |
| Ardipithecus ramidus | Found in Ethiopia,E.Africa,("Ardi")was small brained and shows an unexpected mix of skilled characteristics and of primitive traits seen in much older apes that were not chimps or gorillas.Walked on the ground, used all 4 limbs to swing thr tree.4.4 yr |
| denisovan | Hominids found in Siberia who lived about 40.00 yrs ago and based on DNA tests,appear to have inherited with modern humans(Cro-Magon). |
| Homo | latin for the genus (family) of man. |
| homo Erectus | Found on Indonesian Is of java in 1890. Lived from 1.8 million -200,000 yrs ago:cosidered the first "real big hominid" and featured a much larger brain and likely the first hominid to control fire. |
| Homo habilis | Meaning "handy man", so named by Louis Leakey cuz of the stone tools found near the skeletal remains . (1.9 million-1.5 million years ago). |
| B.C | Before Christ |
| B.C.E | Before the common era:used in place of BC. |
| A.D | Anno Dominum( latin for "in the year of our lord"; in the Western Gregorian calender, those sdates after the birth of christ. |
| C.E | Common era: used in place of AD. |
| Decade | a period of 10 years. |
| Century | a period of 100 years. |
| millenium | a period of a 1000 years. |
| Era | A historical period distinguished by certain important or significant happenings (ex: the Modern Ora). |
| Louis leakey | British archeologist who discovered Homo Habilis in East Africa. |
| Morphology | Physical characteristics or traits of the hum,an skull,such as height,width of cheeck bones,shape of eye sockets,shin shape,etc. |
| Paleolithic | meaning "Old Stone Age":use of stones as tools,rather than the New stone Age where man purposely made tools from stones. |
| kennewick man | Name givin to the skeletal remains of a prehistoric man found alonge the Columbian river in 1996. bones were carbon dated to 9,000 years old. |
| Flint | Type of material that could be changed into spear points (see clovis),arrow heads and knives,commonly used by Neolithic hunter gathers,through a process called Flintnapping.Could also be used to start a fire by creating sparks. |
| Hunter gathers | Early nomadic humans who migrated following their food supply (animal herds,fish,fruits,berries,nuts,roots,etc.). |
| Obsidian | Siny black sedmentar6y rock also used to make weapons and cutting tools by neolithic hunter-gathers. |
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Sabrina3
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