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EOC SG 1
study for the End of Coarse exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Homestead Act | western settlers received 160 acres of free land if they lie on it for 3 to 5 years |
| agricultural surplus | everyone farmed, producing large amount of food that nobody needed, forced prices to fall; supply greater than the demand |
| deflation | when the prices on goods go down |
| business monopolies | when business controls all of the supplies and raise the prices |
| Business Trust | company that holds the control of many small businesses |
| Farmers' Alliance | organized agrarian economic movement among American farmers that developed in the 1870s and 1880s |
| Grange | Patrons of Husbandry |
| greenback | unit of paper currency first issued by the federal government during the Civil War |
| populism | political movement representing mainly farmers that favored free coinage of silver and the goverment control of railroads and other large industries |
| industrialization | rapid growth of our nation's cities and factories in the late 1800s |
| Interstate Commerce Act | passes in 1887 allowing the government to regulate railroad rates for farmers |
| tarrifs | tarrifs are lowered to bring cost of imports down and in doing so foreign countries countries bought more than farmers |
| urbanization | immigrants, southern blacks, and failed farmers flocked to cities creating large cities and urban problems |
| Cross of Gold speech | speech calling for gold |
| Bessemer process | take carbon out of iron to make steel; build skyscrapers, bridges, and boats; built large cities, transportation, and connections |
| telephone | gets rid of the telegraph; people talk instantly to each other; communicate faster |
| AC current | electricity; people stop using candles; less fires; more inventions needed |
| immigrants coming to the east coast | came from Europe; got jobs and money in New York City and Philadelphia |
| immigrants coming to the west coast | came from Asia; got jobs and money in San Francisco and Los Angeles |
| great migration | African Americans come from the south to northern cities; cities go from white to black during this time; creates Harlem Renaissance |
| political machines | politicians who use votes from immigrants for jobs to gain places; boss tweed from New York; fire departments wouldn't put out the fires of opponents houses |
| Andrew Carnegie | owner of the U.S. Steel |
| John D. Rockefeller | owner of Standard Oil |
| J.P. Morgan | owner of U.S. Banks |
| Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Morgan | created illegal monopolies; intimidated and illegally kept control of each industry |
| factory experience | no bathroom breaks, no lunch, no 12-to-16-hour days; used women and children for labor because it was cheap; low wages, no rights |
| triangle shirtwaist disaster | 141 women burned alive; locked doors to keep working leads to no exit in a fire |
| racism on immigration | immigrants were looked down on |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | told Chinese we would only accept educated immigrants |
| gentlemen's agreement | segregation in schools, etc.; Japan gets mad, U.S. agrees to treat the Japanese better if any educated was Japs to U.S. |
| Ida Tarbell | American teacher, author, and journalist known for her book "The History of the Standard Oil Company" |
| Upton Sinclair | American author who wrote the book "The Jungle" |
| "The Jungle" | book written by Sinclair |
| Muckrakers | reform-minded journalists who wrote largely for popular magezines and a tradition of investigative journalism reports |
| planned economy | private businesses directed by the state all businesses controlled |
| market economy | market decides the outcome and production |
| mixed economy | government helps in some areas of production but allows market to decide outcome usually |
| Knights of Labor | largest union combining crafts and industrial workers |
| hayworker riot | planned strike that turns violent and public begins to dislike unions |
| social gospel movement | women begin assimilating immigrants into U.S. Culture |
| settlement houses | private houses connected to help with assimilation, helped immigrants learn English, apply for jobs, get housing |
| hull house | Chicago started by Jane Adams, took many immigrants, and was used as model as for other settlement houses |
| Social Darwinism | immigrants who adapted to new environment succeeded and moved up U.S. Society while others who didn't fall behind or died |
| suffrage movement | women gained political power by helping immigrants and then get the right to vote |
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