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unit 4 term-descript
APUSH, Jacksonian Era
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Seneca Falls Convention | An early influential conference on Women's Rights and was held in Upstate New York. It was held between July 19-20,1848. Some of the Key leaders were Lucertia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. |
| nullification | a legal theroy in which a US State has the right to invalidiate any federal law which the state deems unconsituitional. |
| Trail of Tears | 10,000 Cherokee who had chosen to try t stay in their native lands after being told to leave were forced to march on a long trek to a new territory set up for them in the farther west. |
| Dorothea Dix | A woman who worked for the improvement of asylums, prisons, and almshouses between 1838 and the Civil War. |
| Force Act (1833) | A bill that granted Jackson the military power that he wanted. |
| Lucretia Mott | Quaker woman who advocated for women's rights and against slavery in the 1840s, 50s, and 60s. |
| compact theory | Interpretation of the Constitution saying that the federal government was created by the states, ergo, states should be able to void laws that they don't agree with |
| Brigham Young | Mormon leader in the 1840s who lead the Mormon Trek in 1847. |
| Specie Circular | This was a decree that only gold and silver could be accepted in purchasing public lands. |
| John C. Calhoun | A political leader who supported and vouched for the annexation of Texas. |
| spoils system/rotation in office | A system that allowed Andrew Jackson to get his good friends into office |
| Mexican Cession | when mexico had sold the new mexico province to the u.s for 15 million $ and that included 500 square miles which lead to a 20% increase of the u.s in size and the u.s also received the ports of san diego and san francisco. |
| Oregon Territory | A territory in the north west that originally contained parts of Idaho, Montana, Washington, and Wyoming. It was controlled by both Britain and America, until America got the southern part of the territory, marking the northern border of the U.S. |
| National Banking Act | Federal laws that would establish a system to create national charters to banks nationwide. The national banks favored the use of bank notes and printed money rather than the solid money they were used to. |
| Bank war | A "war" involving president Andrew Jackson and the president of the Second National Bank, Nicholas Biddle. Jackson attempted to kill the national banks using various methods such as vetoing the bank's charter and issuing the species circular. Biddle count |
| Gadsden Purchase | The United States purchase of an area including the southern regions of Arizona and New Mexico. It was purchased on June 24th 1853 by President Franklin Pierce. It is named for James Gadsen, the Mexican ambassador at the time. It was purchaed primarily to |
| Cyrus McCormick | Farmer in 1834 who invented the mechanical reaper. |
| Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo | A treaty between Mexico and the United States that ended the Mexican war |
| John Slidell | He was a lawyer and politician who was the was in the house of representitives in 1840's. Before the Mexican War he was the delagate sent to negotiate the border with mexico |
| Neal Dow | He was the prohibitionist mayor in Portland, Maine who opposed the sale and manufacturing of liquor in Maine. He supported the "Maine Law of 1851" and was criticized for the actions he took in the Portland Rum Riot. |
| Independent Treasury | The independent Treasury was a proposed solution by Martin Van Beuren to the Economic panic caused by Andrew Jackson's partitioning of the U.S. bank into "Pet Banks". |
| American Anti-slavery Society | Founded in 1833, this society was dedicated to the complete abolition of slavery in the united states. One of the strongest characteristics of this society was that they would not settle on any compromise on the issue. |
| Second Great Awakening | The rebirth of religious beliefs and the growth of reforms in the North and South in the 1800's. |
| John Deere | Was born in Vermont but later moved to Illinois, where he invented the steel plow, a plow with a smooth steel blade, in 1837. |
| Irish immigration | Once their food supply was diseased, 1.5 million of these people had to immigrate to America. They usually got to America by British boats meant for wood and rocks. |
| Maine Laws | one of the first laws put in place to try and stop the sale of alcoholic drinks. |
| Removal of Deposits | Part of Jackson's plan to diminish the Second Bank of the United States in which he tried to remove government deposits from the bank. |
| Mexican-American War | Conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 -1848 |
| antebellum | Pre-Civil War Era |
| Worcester v Georgia | Case in which the US Supreme Court accused the Cherokee Indians of being on land without a license |
| abolitionists | People who opposed slavery and believed that slavery should be stopped |
| Mormons | A religious group which believed that they were slightly superior. Most prominent belief is plural marriages. |
| James K. Polk | 11th president of the United States. Compromised with Britain about the Oregon Territory, went to war with Mexico, and led the annexation of Texas. |
| Prigg v Pennsylvania | 1842 supreme court case in which a virtually free slave was in another state and heir of her former owners hired a slavecatcher who pleaded not guilty because he was appointed to catch her |
| Horace Mann | A lawyer and member of the state legislature that supported the movement to establish a school board and tax support for schools. |
| Tariff of Abominations | A high tax on imports that were supposed to protect American economy. |
| Charles River Bridge case | an 1837 supreme court case involving the Charles River Bridge Company and the Warren Bridge Company |
| Commonwealth v Hunt | A landmark legal decision that issued by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on the subject of Labor Unions |
| American Colonization Society | Slavery is Bad!!!...But economically the nation depends on it.. Believes the abolishment of Slavery must be a gradual, and will only work with the cooperation of slave holders. |
| Manifest Destiny | Supported the expansion of American land because there was the belief that the population growth needed more land and that God supported the expansion too. Also supported the belief that expansion of American land would lead to the expansion of freedom. |
| Transcendentalism | The essential belief that one, as their own, could reach a higher place and self-trust within nature and nature, God, and humans all share and exist as one soul. |
| Whigs | A new political party that was essentially in opposition to Jackson's presidency. |
| Webster-Ashburton Treaty | Agreement between US and Britain gave half of the disputed territory and established a northeastern border with Canada. |
| Jacksonian Democracy | National politics in the US become more democratic with this political model |
| 2nd Am. Party System | The American Whig party under Henry Clay and Daniel Webster; and the Democratic party, under Andrew Jackson made up the second American party system. |
| National Republicans | Succeeded by the Whig party, made up of John Quincy Adams followers during his administration; and later turned to opposition of Jackson.Made up of a lot of ex-federalist. Supported modernization, industrialization, and economic nationalism. Supported Ame |
| States’ rights | The U.S States hold political power in relation to the federal government as provided for by the Tenth Ammendment |
| Tariff of 1828 | A high protective tariff place on foreign goods but in place under the Jackson Administration in 1828 |
| South Carolina Exposition | A Phamphlet written by South Carolina's state legislature which provided arguments for nullifying the tariff of 1828 |
| 2nd Bank of the United States | A Federal Banking system that issued legal tender as well as lent loans and extended credit.Its president was Nicholas Biddle from 1823-1836. |
| Clayton-Bulwer Treaty | It was a treaty that was drafted due to negotiations between the United States and Britain, which debated efforts to construct the Nicaragua Canal without having complete or exclusive political control in the territory. |
| Shakers | The group became a utopian society that expressed their religion through vigorous dances and movement as they prepared for the Second Coming of Christ. They had multiple communities throughout New England, Ohio, and Indiana. |
| National Republicans | A political party that preceeded the Whig party. It was established in 1828 by Henry Clay. They wanted to modernize and industrialize. |
| Webster-Hayne Debate | A debate protective tarrifs, the supremacy of the national government, and states' rights |
| Clay’s Compromise | The Compromise of 1850 was an intricate package of five bills, passed in September 1850, defusing a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North that arose following the Mexican-American War (1846–1848) |
| Nicholas Biddle | An American financier who served as the president of the Second Bank of the United States. |
| Speculation | purchasing land early at low prices with the intent of selling it to others for a profit |
| Wildcat Banks | unsound bank chartered under state law during the period of uncontrolled state banking (1816–63) in the United States. |
| temperance | movement to abstain from alcohol during the 1800's |
| Liberty Party | A minor political party during the 1800's that was the first advocate of abolitionist cause that broke away from the American Anti-Slavery Society to advocate the view that the Constitution was anti-slavery. |
| utopianism | The movement in America in which groups of people wanted to create communities seeking perfection |
| Pet Banks | A derogatory term used to describe the 23 state banks that received a large amount of government surplus funds in 1833. |
| Indian Removal Act | government policy signed into law by Andrew Jackson in 1830 that pressured southeastern Native American tribes to sign treaties ceding their land and be moved west of the Mississippi |
| Young America | a political movement inspired by european political reform movements which advocated political reform, free trade, expansionism, and republican gvmnts in foreign nations. |
| cult of domesticity/true womanhood | Women are supposed to embody perfect virtue by fufilling the passive, housewife role. |
| DeTocqueville/Democracy in America | A book about the strengths and weaknesses of American democracy. Written in 1835. |
| Oneida Community | established in 1848 by John Humphrey Noyes because he believed that the Second Coming of Christ had already happened therefore the people didn't have to follow the rules they once did. |
| Brook Farm | transcendentalist commune founded in Massachusetts in 1841 that attracted the leaders of the transcendentalists group. |
| “Corrupt Bargain” | The 1824 presidential election, where no candidate received a majority of the votes. The election went to the House of Representatives, who elected John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson, who had received the plurality of votes and the greatest number of e |
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