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U.S. 1860-1920
U.S. History A Vocab: Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Homestead Act | Enacted in 1862; created to encourage people to move west; would give 160 acres of land to head of household if they woudl cultivate the land for five years |
| Bureau of Indian Affairs | Founded in 1824; in charge of managing the land set aside for Native Americans |
| Assimilation | When a minority group adopts beliefs and customs those of the dominant culture |
| Dawes Act | Enacted in 1887; intended to "Americanize" Native Americans by redistributing land to individuals |
| Americanization | Movement that was created to emerge Native Americansand immigrants into the American culture and turn them into "true Americans" |
| Grange Movement | Patrons of Husbandry (1867) a farmer organization; a social outlet amd educational forum but became into people fighting agaisnt the Railroads |
| Populism | Late 18th century and early 19th century movement where people wamted more say in the government and advance interests of laborers and farmers |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Enacted in 1892; prohibited all Chinese except merchants, students, teachers, tourists, and government officials from entering the US |
| Gentlemen's Ageement | Agreement between Japan and US; Japan would limit Japanese immigration to US; 1907- 1908 |
| Ellis Island | Off the coast of New York (New York City); where many immigrants immigrated to US on East Coast |
| Angel Island | Off the coast of California (San Francisco); where many immigrants immigrated to US on West Coast |
| Nativism | When the interests of native-born people are favored over foreign-born people |
| Quotas | A system where a number limit of immigrants from different countries is set for each year |
| George Pullman | In 1880 he built a factoy with a town nearby for employees wih strict rules but good emenities |
| Thomas Edison | Scientist who created first laboratory and many revolutionary inventions |
| Captain of Industry | Being at the top with the most power in an industry; Rockefeller for oil amd Carnegie for steel; positive name |
| Robber Baron | Industrialists who used ruthless tactics to become rich and powerful; negative name |
| Social Darwinism | Base on Darwin's theory of evolution; explained why some poor and some rich; because of survival of the fitess; poor deserved to be poor |
| Andrew Carnegie | Head of Carnegie Steel Company; donated millions and built librairies and a music hall |
| John D. Rockefeller | Head of the Standard Oil Company; most powerful man in America |
| Philanthropy | Giving away your fortune for the the good of others |
| Monopoly | A complete control over an industry's production, wages, quality, and prices |
| Trust | When people turned their stock over to a group of trustees (running seperate companies under one large coporation) |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | Enacted in 1890; created to prevent monopolies by making it illegeal to make trusts that interferred wih free trade |
| Sweatshop | Workshops that were in tenements rather than factories; tedious and requird few skills; employed many women and children |
| Muckraking | A journalist that exposes the corrupt side of public lif and businesses in the early 1900's |
| Strikes in the 1800's- 1900's | Workers striked for better working conditions; some succeded after many attempts |
| Mother Jones | An Irish immigrant; Mary Harris Jones; became involved with US labor movement after recieving help from Knights of Labor; children's march of 1903 |
| Collective bargaining | A group negotiations to reach written agreements between workers and employers |
| Samuel Gompers | Led the Cigar Makers' International Union to join with other craft unions in 1886; president of the American Ferderation of Labor (AFL) and used collective bargaining |
| Tenements | Multi-family urban dwellings that were usually overcrowded and unsanitary |
| Jane Addams | A community worker, champion of organized labor, peace advocate, antiwar activist, spokespeson for racial justice, advocate for quality-of-life issues; winner of Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 |
| Settlement House | A community center that provided assisstance to residents, especially immigrants of slums |
| Tammany Hall | New York City's powerful Democratic political machine in 1868 |
| Boss Tweed | William M. Tweed; head of Tammany Hall 1869-1871; led Tweed Ring (group of corrupt politicians) in defrauding the city |
| Thomas Nast | A political cartoonist; ridiculed Tweed in the "New York Time" and "Harper's Weekly" |
| Graft | Using political influence for personal gain; illegeal |
| City Boss | Controlled the political party's activities through out the city |
| Jacob Riis | Came from Denmark to US in 1870 at 21; a police reporter in NYC who revealed the conditions of slums and hardships of poor; wrote "How the Other Half Lives" |
| Meat Inspection Act | Enacted in 1906; created strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers amd a federal meat inspection program |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | Enacted in 1906; stopped sale of contaiminated foods and drugs; assured truth in labeling |
| Referendum | Procedure where a proposed legislative measure can be submitted to be voted by the people |
| Recall | Procedure where a public official can be removed from office by a vote of the people |
| Initiative | Procedure where a legislative measure can be originated by the people rather than law makers |
| Secret Ballot | Procedure where people vote and their individual votes are secret to the general public |
| Conservation | Planned management of natural resources; involves the protection of some wilderness areas and develops others for the common good |
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