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critical vocab terms
| Question | Definition | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Charter Colony | One of the classes of Gov. established in the 17th century | In a charter colony, the King granted a charter to the colonial government establishing the rules under which the colony was to be governed. |
| Virginia Company of London | An English Joint Stock Company established by King James I | Was made to establish colonial settlements in North America. Their Primary goal was to trade with the native population. |
| Jamestown | A territory in Virginia, named after King James I | The Virginia Company dispatched many settlers to Jamestown, but fewer than half remained alive. |
| Powhatan Indians | A tribe of Indians that were settled in Eastern Virginia. | The migration of more settlers led to various conflicts with the Indian people. |
| John Smith | An English Explorer | He was the leader of the Virginia Colony, and Lead an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay. |
| Pocahontas | Daughter of Indian Chief "Powhatan" | Was arranged by her father to marry "John Rolfe," and English colonist, but the tactics failed. |
| “Starving Time,” | An event in Jamestown, in which the colonists experienced a period of starvation during the winter of 1609-1610. | All 250 of the colonists died, except for 60 of them. |
| John Rolfe | An English Colonist | Indian Chief Powhatan arranged for him and his daughter to be married, but it failed. He also imported imported the Tobacco seed from the West Indies. |
| Indentured Servants | In exchange for working for 4-5 years, the worker was granted passage across the atlantic, and earned the status as a free person after the contract was expired. | The Virginia Company persuaded thousands of poor men and woman to migrate to America. |
| “Headright” System | The legal grant of land to settlers. | By giving the land to landowning masters, the servants had little chance to obtain the land, this kept many of the colonists poor, and led to strife between landowners and colonists. |
| Virginia House of Burgesses | The first assembly of elected representatives of colonists in the the North America. | Was created as part of an effort to encourage english craftsmen to Settler in North America. |
| Anglo-Powhatan Wars | 3 wars fought between the English Colonists of the Virginia Colony, and the Powhatan Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy. | Resulted in 30 years of peace between the Colonists and the Powhatan Indians. |
| Church of England | The officially established Christian church in England. | Separated from the Roman Catholic Church, and began a series of events know as the English Reformation. |
| Puritans | A community of English protestors that were active in the 16th and 17th centuries. | Puritans created colonies in New England that had strong spiritual goals. |
| “Pilgrims,” | The early settlers of the Plymouth Colony | Established the 2nd successful English Settlement in North America. |
| Mayflower Compact | The first governing document of the Plymouth Colony. | Was established to prevent the colonists to use their "own liberty" to govern themselves. |
| Plymouth Bay | A small bay on the western shore of the larger, Cape Cod Bay. Along the Coastline of Massachusetts. | The Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower landed at Plymouth Rock and Established the first permanent European Settlement. |
| William Bradford | An English Separatist leader at the Plymouth Colony | Served as governor for 30 years. Credited for (Thanksgiving) |
| Squanto | A Native American who assisted the Pilgrims in their "First Winter" in the new world. | Helped them survive by teaching the settlers the Native method of Maize cultivation |
| Massasoit | Was the Leader of the Wampanoag Confederacy. | Forged political and and personal ties with the colonial leaders, and made a peace treaty on March 22, 1621 |
| Massachusetts Bay Company | An English chartered company that established the Massachusetts bay colony. | Obtained a grant of land between the Charles and Merrimack rivers from the council of New England. |
| “Great Migration,” | The Puritan Migration to New England. | We're on a quest for the freedom to practice the Puritan Religion. |
| General Court | Also known as "The General Court of Massachusetts." It was the state legislature of commonwealth Massachusetts. | Made laws, and sat as a Judicial court of appeals. |
| John Winthrop | One of leading figures in founding of the Massachusetts Bay colony | Led first large wave of migrants from England and served as governor for the first 20 years of the colony's existence |
| “A Model of Christian Charity,” | 1630 sermon by John Winthrop | Source of the phrase "City upon a Hill" as used to describe American exceptionalism |
| “Visible Saints,” | People who appeared to be Godly, Christian people who will go to heaven when they die | Strict Puritans in colonial days only allowed visible saints to worship with them because they thought that the church of England was irreverent for allowing everyone to worship in the same way |
| Predestination | doctrine that all events have been willed by God | Associated with teachings of John Calvin |
| “Protestant Work Ethic,” | Concept that emphasizes hard work, frugality, and prosperity as a display of a person's salvation in the Christian faith | Obligation as sign of grace |
| Congregational Church | Protestant Christian Churches | Practices congregationalist church governance in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs |
| Roger Williams | Early proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state | Began the colony of Providence Plantation that provided refuge for religious minorities |
| Providence | God conceived as the power sustaining and guiding human destiny | God's intervention in the world |
| Anne Hutchinson | Puritan woman who took part in antinomian controversy | first feminist in new world. Looked at as a model for American religious freedom |
| “Antinomianism,” | the belief that the Gospel frees Christians from required obedience to any law | Opposed by Martin Luther |
| Thomas Hooker | Puritan colonial leader | founded colony of Connecticut. Leader of universal Christian suffrage |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | Adopted by Connecticut colony council on January 24, 1639 | Described the government set up by the Connecticut river towns setting its structure and powers |
| Pequot War | War between the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Saybrook colonies who were aided by their native american allies | Many killed and also captured and sold into slavery |
| Metacom | Wampanoag leader | Led indians into revolt against colonists of southern new england |
| King Philip’s War | Conflict between native american inhabitants of present day new england and english colonists | Greatest destruction during this time |
| Henry Hudson | An English Mariner | In 1609, Dutch Merchants dispatched him to locate a navigable route to the riches of the East Indies. |
| New Netherlands | 17th century colonial province | Conceived as a private business venture to exploit the north american fur trade |
| Patroonship | Deeded tracts of land | Basis of patroon system was a inducement to foster colonization and settlement |
| Peter Stuyvesant | Last Dutch Director-General of New Netherlands | Believed in education for children and youth |
| Quakers | Members of the religious group Society of Friends | Many colonists converted to Quakerism and were persecuted because many other religions were losing members to Quakers |
| William Penn | Received Pennsylvania as payment to his father by Charles II | Designed Pennsylvania as refuge to Quakers who were persecuted in England |
| Proprietary Colony | Colony granted to an individual or group by the British crown and allowed to have full rights to self governing | Brought the diversification of settlers who were attracted from many different countries instead of just England. |
| Maryland Act of Toleration | Mandated religious toleration to Christians | Created first limitations on hate speech in the world. |
| Royal Colony | Colonial administration usually referred to the colonies acquired through wars | In 1624, Virginia was created as a royal colony that included the Jamestown settlement. |
| James Oglethorpe | British General, Member of Parliament | Founded Georgia |
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