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Chapter 8
The Jefferson Era
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was the second president of the United States? | John Adams |
| Why was the election of 1800 significant (important)? | It marked the first transition of power from one political party to another. |
| Who was the third president of the United States? | Thomas Jefferson |
| What did the 12th amendment do? | It created a separate ballot for president and vice president. |
| What were Jefferson’s policies as president? | to support the will of the majority, limit the national government, protect the rights of the people, etc.. |
| What was the Judiciary Act of 1801? | it created federal judge positions which were filled with Federalists so they could keep control of the judicial branch. |
| What name did the press give to the judges which Adams appointed before he left office? | Midnight judges |
| What was the significance of the Supreme Court case Marbury v Madison? | it established judicial review |
| What is Judicial Review? | the power of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional |
| When Americans began settling further west, which city became an important port? | New Orleans |
| Why did Jefferson want to buy New Orleans? | because he feared foreign powers might shut down the port to Americans |
| Who was the powerful French ruler who dreamed of expanding his empire into North America? | Napoleon Bonaparte |
| What surprise did Jefferson’s ambassadors encounter when they offered to buy New Orleans from France? | They were offered all of Louisiana Territory |
| Why did France sell the Louisiana Territory? | they needed to pay for a war in Europe with the English |
| How much did the Louisiana Purchase actually cost? | 15 million dollars |
| The purchase of French land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains in 1803 | The Louisiana Purchase |
| In what way did the Louisiana Purchase affect the United States? | It doubled the area |
| What was the expedition that began in 1804 to explore the Louisiana Territory? | the Lewis and Clark Expedition |
| This man was a former army captain selected by President Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory. | Meriwether Lewis |
| This man was an American soldier. He was invited by his friend to explore the Louisiana Territory in 1804. | William Clark |
| An Army officer sent on a mission to explore the West, he was ordered to find the headwaters of the Red River. A mountain that he climbed in Colorado is named after him. | Zebulon Pike |
| She was a Shoshone woman who, along with her French-Canadian fur-trapper husband, accompanied and aided on the exploration of the Louisiana Territory. | Sacagawea |
| What were the explorers of the Louisiana Territory sent to find? | a water route to the Pacific Ocean (the Northwest Passage) |
| What river provided a route through most of the Louisiana Purchase? | The Missouri River |
| What area did Zebulon Pike explore? | the Southwest |
| How did the British violate neutrality agreements causing some Americans to call for war? | They searched US ships for runaway sailors and war supplies |
| What is an embargo? | a ban on trade |
| What was the Embargo Act? A law that banned… | a ban on trade with ALL foreign countries |
| Who was the president in office when the Embargo Act was passed? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Why did Congress pass the Embargo Act? | They wanted to punish Great Britain and keep American merchants safe |
| How did the Embargo Act affect the U.S.? | it damaged the economy |
| What was another reason the U.S. decided to go to war with Great Britain? | Americans believed the British were supplying the Native Americans with weapons. |
| Who was Tecumseh? | A Shawnee chief who tried to unite the Native Americans against the U.S. |
| Who fought in the Battle of Tippecanoe? | U.S. troops and Tecumseh’s warriors |
| Who won the Battle of Tippecanoe? | The U.S. |
| Who were the War Hawks? | Congressmen who demanded a war with the British |
| Which president was in office when the U.S. declared war against Great Britain in 1812? | James Madison |
| What events that occurred early in the war of 1812 boosted U.S. morale? | U.S. naval victories over the British |
| What territory was the U.S. attempting to gain control of during the War of 1812? | Canada |
| Who was the commander of the Tennessee militia who defeated the Creek Indians? | Andrew Jackson |
| The Treaty that forced the Creek Indians to give up millions of acres of land was the… | Treaty of Fort Jackson |
| What present-day states are located on the lands won during the Creek Wars? | Mississippi and Alabama |
| What did British troops do when they attacked Washington D.C.? | they burned the White House |
| Who wrote the Star Spangled Banner? | Francis Scott Key |
| Where was the Star Spangled Banner written? | Fort McHenry |
| In what battle did Andrew Jackson severely defeat the British and become a national hero? | the Battle of New Orleans |
| A meeting of Federalists to protest the War of 1812 | The Hartford Convention |
| The Treaty that ended the War of 1812 | The Treaty of Ghent |
| Be familiar with the order of the events discussed in this chapter. Including… | The Battle of New Orleans, The Battle of Tippecanoe, The Creek War, The Treaty of Ghent, The Embargo Act, etc… |
| A U.S. victory over an Indian confederation that wanted to stop white settlement in the Northwest Territory; it increased tension between the U.S. and Great Britain | The Battle of Tippecanoe |
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