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URBAN LIFE
URBAN LIFE: STUDY CARDS FOR C8, S3-4 AND THE VIDEO
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Suburb | Residential community surrounding a city |
| Tenement | A low-cost apartment building that often has poor standards of sanitation, safety, and comfort, and is designed to house as many families as possilble |
| Dumbbell tenement | A tenement building that is narrowed in the middle, forming air shafts on either side and allowing light and air into the rooms |
| Political machine | An unofficial city organization designed to keep a particular party or group in power and usually headed by a single, powerful boss |
| Graft | Use of one's job to gain profit; a major source of income for political machines |
| "vertical and horizontal movement" of the city | skyscrapers & motorized transportation |
| cable car transportation | first used in San Francisco |
| trolley car transportation | first used in Richmond, Va |
| elevated train transportation | first used in New York City |
| Charles Yerkes | designed the Chicago Transportation System and also the London Underground |
| honest graft | getting inside information to make a profit for one's self |
| Elisha Otis | American elevator inventor |
| William "Boss" Tweed | political boss of Tammany Hall, NYC, Democrat machine |
| Louis Sullivan | Architect - Wainwright Building, believed "form follows function"; beauty of architecture |
| Daniel Burnham | designed the "White City" aka the Chicago's World Fair, Columbian Exposition |
| Jacob Riis | muckraker, author, How the Other Half Lives and Children of the Poor |
| Chicago | The model of the new American City, City of Business, City of Velocity |
| muckraker | one who attempts to "clean up" graft and corruption, digs up the "dirt" and exposes the problems |
| Marshall Field | owner of first great department store on State Street in Chicago, Dreiser's Titan is based on his life |
| Ida B Wells | African - American protestor, writer who protested the "Colored Peoples' Fair Day" at the Chicago World's Fait |
| Frederick Douglass | critized the World's Fair, calling it a "shame", however, spoke at the fair, saying that the accomplishments of African-Americans were not recognized nor where those thay lived in poverty |
| George B. Cox | he is an example of good political boss, Cinncinnati OH |
| Jane Addams | settlement house founder, Hull House in Chicago, initially a "stuffy tea room atmosphere", but it provided assistance, playground, gynamsium and more |
| Social Gospel Movement | Assistance provided by city churches that helped the poor, while also spreading the word of God through the Gospel |
| Thomas Nast | German cartoonist, muckraker, brought down Boss Tweed and the Tammany Hall Machine |
| Eleanor McMain | New Orleanean that described the tenements of New Orleans' Italian neighborhood |
| Theodore Dreiser | Author of Sister Carrier &The Titan, writer of life in Chicago, both the poor and the rich, "steamy & realistic stuff" for its day. |
| inside-out city | the movement from the city into the suburbs to escape the new immigrants; opposite of the typical older European cities |
| Frederick Law Olmsted | Landscaper of Cities; designed NYC's Central Park, and the grounds for the White City Park - started the first "green movement" to bring a bit of nature into the city |
| "under the thumb" | an expression meaning "absolute control of someone or something" |
| The Loop | the downtown CBD of Chicago, less than 1 mile square, bounded by the transportaion tracks |
| CBD | an abbreviation for the Central Business District |
| Packingtown | Chicago's worst slum district, site of most of the city's ethnic ghettos |
| 4 Common City Diseases | smallpox, cholera, tuberculosis, scarlet fever |
| New Immigrants | Those who came from the countries of eastern, central, and southern Europe in the late 1800s |
| Streetcar City | Nickname for the newer American cities which featured the CBD and outer - lying suburbs |
| sweatshops | featured by long hours, poor working conditions, and low pay, often in tenement apartments which acted as small factories |
| typewriter | Sholes' invention that brought women workers into the office space |
| the Goliath of Graft | Charles Yerkes of Chicago who made a fortune through tramsportation and corruption |
| Florence Kelly | female social activist who became Illinois' first state factory inspector |
| Sociology | the study of how people interact with others in society; studied institutions such as government, religions, education and art |
| Nativism | the movemnt that promoted anti-immigration; targeted New and Asian immigrants and alsothe Roman Catholic Church |
| Nativist | an individual who favored native-born Americans (but not Amerindians) over immigrants |
| Temperance movement | a campaign to limit alcohol consumption |
| prohibition | a ban manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol |
| spoiled milk | the reason why many poor people fed their babies beer, for health and safety of the child |
| vice | actions that were considered to be immoral, for example, drugs, gambling, prostitution, production of obscene materials and abortion |
| Comstock Law | name of the legal act that banned the distribution of materials providing information on birth control |
| light, air, and water | these were missing from the old tenement buildings, resulted in the development of the "dumbbell tenement", needed to prevent the spread of disease |
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