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Chapter 12&13 Vocab.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1.Speculation | Practice of making high-risk investments in hopes of obtaining large profits. |
| 2.Black Tuesday | October 29,1929 when stock prices fell sharply in the Great Crash. |
| 3.Business Cycle | Periodic growth and contraction of the economy. |
| 4.Great Depression | Period lasting from 1929 to 1941 in which the U.S. economy faltered and unemployment soared. |
| 5.Hawley-Smoot Tariff | Protective import tax authorized by Congress in 1930. |
| 6.Bread Line | Line of people waiting for food handouts from charities or public agencies. |
| 7.Hooverville | Term used to describe makeshift shantytowns set up by homeless people during the Great Depression. |
| 8.Tenant Farmer | System in which a farmer paid rent to a landowner for the use of the land. |
| 9.Dust Bowl | Term used for the Central and Southern Great Plains during the 1930s when the region suffered from drought and dust storms. |
| 10.Okies | General term used to describe Dust Bowl refugees. |
| 11.Repatriation | Process by which Mexican Americans were encouraged, or forced, by local,state, and federal officials to return to Mexico during the 1930s. |
| 12.Localism | Policy relied on by President Hoover in the early years of the Depression whereby local and state government act as primary agents of economic relief. |
| 13.Reconstruction Finance Corporations (RFC) | Federal agency set up by Congress in 1932 to provide emergency government credit to banks, railroads, and other large businesses. |
| 14.Trickle-down Economics | Economic theory that holds that money lent to banks and businesses will trickle down to consumers. |
| 15.Hoover Dam | Dam on the Colorado River that was built during the Great Depression. |
| 16.Bonus Army | Group of World War 1 veterans who marched on marched on Washington,D.C., in 1932 to demand early payment of a bonus promised them by Congress. |
| 17.New Deal | Programs and legislation enacted by Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression to promote economic recovery and social reform. |
| 18.Fireside Chat | Informal radio broadcast in which FDR explained issues and New Deal programs to average Americans. |
| 19.Federal Deposit Insurance Corporations (FDIC) | Government agency that insures bank deposits, guaranteeing that depositor's money will be safe. |
| 20.Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | Government agency that built dams in the Tennessee River valley to control flooding and generate electric power. |
| 21.Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | New Deal program that provided young men with relief jobs on environmental conservation projects, including reforestation and flood control. |
| 22.National Recovery Administration (NRA) | New Deal agency that promoted economic recovery by regulating production, prices, and wages. |
| 23.Public Works Administration ( PWA) | New Deal agency that provided millions of jobs constructing public buildings. |
| 24.Second New Deal | Legislative activity begun by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935 to solve problems created by the Great Depression. |
| 25.Works Progress Administration(WPA) | Key New Deal agency that provided work relief through various public work projects. |
| 26.Pump Priming | Economic theory that favored public works projects because they put money into the hands of consumers who would buy more goods, stimulating the economy. |
| 27.Social Security Act | 1935 law that set up a pension system for retirees, established unemployment insurance , and created insurance for victims of work-related accidents; provided aid for poverty-stricken mothers and children, the blind, and the disabled. |
| 28.Wagner Act | New Deal law that abolished unfair labor practices, recognized the right of employees to organized labor unions, and gave workers the right to collective bargaining. |
| 29.Collective Bargaining | Process in which employers negotiate with labor unions about hours, wages, and other working conditions. |
| 30.Fair Labor Standard Act | 1938 law that set a minimum wage, a maximum workweek of 44 hours,and outlawed child labor. |
| 31.Congress of Industrial Organization(CIO) | Labor organization founded in the 1930s that represented unskilled industrial workers. |
| 32.Sit-Down Strikes | Labor protest in which workers stop working and occupy the workplace until their demands are met. |
| 33.Court Packing | FDR plan to add up to six new justices to the nine-member Supreme Court after the Court had ruled that some New Deal legislation was unconstitutional. |
| 34.Black Cabinet | Group of African Americans leaders who served as unofficial advisers to Franklin D. Roosevelt. |
| 35.Indian New Deal | 1930s legislation that gave Indians greater control over their affairs and provided funding for schools and hospitals. |
| 36.New Deal Coalition | Political force formed by diverse groups who united to support Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal. |
| 37.Welfare State | Government that assumes responsibility for providing for the welfare of the poor, elderly, sick, and unemployed. |
| 38.Federal Art Project | Division of the Works Progress Administration that hired unemployed artist to create artworks for public buildings and sponsored art-education programs and exhibitions. |
| 39.Mural | A large picture painted directly on a wall or ceiling. |
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JadeG
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