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The Ear Study G
The Ear
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is the vestibular system? | Embedded in the bone, and its a hollow chamber called the ossesous labyrinth |
| What is the ossesou labyrinth filled with? | Perilymph which is like extracellular fluid |
| What floats in the perilymph? | The membranous labyrinth |
| What fluid is inside the membranous labyrinth? | Endolymph which is like intracellular fluid |
| What is the vestibular system made up of? | Semicircular canals, utricle and saccule |
| Where do the semicircular canals begin and end? | With the utricle |
| What enlargement does each canal have? | Ampulla: Sensory patch called the cristae ampullaris, there are supporting cells and sensory/neuroepithelial cells |
| True or False: THe cristae and semicircular canals are only involved in rotational changes in acceleration and deceleration | True |
| Name the two types of sensory cells | Type 1 and Type 2 |
| List features of the type 1 cell | flask-shaped, calyx around it which is a cup like post synaptic structure |
| Name feature of type 2 cell | Cylindrical shaped cell, has bouton type endings, these spherical processes will go to a neuorn called scarpis ganglion which is the primary cell body associated with this system and then to the CNS |
| What do the supporting cells dor for the neuroepithelium? | Insulate and protect them so that they never touch each other |
| True or False: Each hair cell has multiple kinocilum | False. Single kinocilum |
| Where are the kinocilum embedded? | A gelatinous membrane called the cupula |
| When displacement is towards the kinocilum is it excitatory or inhibitory? | Excitattory (Depolarization). Away is inhibitory (hyerperpolarization) |
| True or False: Fluid has momentary inertia | True |
| True or False: Fluid will move a little longer in the body | True |
| What is the utricuosacular duct? | The duct unites the utricle and saccule. It gives rise to the endolymphatic duct and at the end of the endolymphatic sac |
| Where is the macula patch located in the utricle and saccule? | Floor of utricle and wall of saccule |
| What does the utricle and saccule do? | Senses position of head and its linear movement |
| What do the stereocilium and kinocilum embed into in the macula? | Embedds into the under surface of the gelatinous membrane called the otholithic membrabe and on top are calcium carbonate crystals |
| If someone has bilateral damage to the vestibular system what happens? | In the dark they have no sense of orientation |
| What tube comes off of the saccule? | Ductus reuniens that leads to the auditory system |
| What part of the inner ear is the cochlear labyrinth? | Auditory System |
| What two chambers surround the cochlear duct/scalar media? | Sacla vestibuli and scala tympani which is filled with perilymph |
| What is the cochlear duct filled with? | Endolymph |
| What bone is the cochlear duct embedded in? | Putrus bone |
| What is the central bony core called? | The modiolus |
| Name the two membranes | reissner's membrane and basilar membrane |
| Which membrane does the organ of corti sit on? | the basilar membrane and it runs the entire length of the cochlear duct |
| What is the organ of corti responsible for? | The transmission of sound into electrical energy that the brain can interpret |
| What type of sound is the base and apex responsible for? | Base: High-frequency sounds. Apex: Low-frequency sounds |
| Describe the path of sound transmittance | the external auditory meatus, the tympanic membrane, the malleus, incus and stapes, through the oval window where it sets up pressure fluid |
| Are the inner or outer hair cells closest to the modiolus? | Ihe inner hair cells |
| What cells between the outer and inner hair cells make an inverted V? | Inner and outer pillar cells |
| Which hair cells have the deiter cells? | The outer hair cells. They have an elongated process called the phalangeal process |
| How are the auditory hair cells different from the vesitublar hair cell systems? | They have no kinocilia, only stereocilia. During development it was either degenerated or reabsorbed |
| What is the barrier between perilymph and endolymph? | the apical surface of the hair cells which is the reticular lamina |
| What is the reference point due to the fact there is no kinocilium? | Basal bodies |
| 95% of neurons have synaptic contact with which hair cell? | Inner hair cell |
| True or False: Outer hair cells have both actin and myosin in their cell bodies | True |
| Do the inner cells have myosin and actin? | Inner cells have some myosin but the predominance of the actin and myosin is in the outer hair cells |
| True or False: The tallest stereocilia is the only one attached to the tectorial membrane | True. the shorter ones are attached to the longest ones and affects them indirectly |
| Where is endolymph manufactured? | In the stria vascularis. It is then circulated throughout the membranous labyrinth and reabsorbed in the endolymph duct and sac which comes off the vestibular portion |
| What is the purpose of the cochlear implant? | To replace the hair cells. There are now implants that replace the eigth nerve |
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