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7th Grade
Mr. Hardcastle's 7th Grade Texas History Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| geography | the study of the earth, its physical features, and its people |
| trend | a general movement toward change over the course of time |
| climate | the expected weather condition at a place,usually over a period of years |
| census | a periodic count of the population |
| drought | a lond period of dryness that causes damage to crops or, prevents their growth |
| precipitation | moisture that falls from the sky in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail |
| reservior | an artificial lake where water is collected for use |
| landforms | a feature of the earths surface, such as a hill, valley, river, or plain |
| relative location | the postion of a place, or in comparsion, to another place |
| absolute location | the exact postion of a place on the earth |
| physical environment | the external surrondings and conditions in which something exists |
| migrate | to move from one place to another |
| region | geographical area characterized by shared features |
| latitude | the location north or south of the equator |
| longitude | the location east or west o the prime meridrian |
| hemisphere | one half on the earth, divided by the equator into northern and sothern halves |
| equator | the imaginary line at 0 degrees latitude that divides the earth into a northern half, northern hemishphere, and a southern half, the southern hemisphere |
| prime meridian | the imaginiary line at 0 degrees longitude |
| scale | the relationship between the distance on a map and the actual distance it represents |
| cartographer | a person who makes maps |
| projection | the transfer of an image of curved surface onto a flat surface |
| physical map | a general-purpose map that shows the natural features of an area |
| topography | the physical features of the arths surface and their relationship to one another in terms of location and elevation |
| polictical map | a general-purpose map that shows recognized boundaries in an area |
| physical-polictical map | a general-purpose map that shows both the topogrphy and recongiezed boundaries of an area |
| legend | a explanation of a maps symbol and scale |
| plains | a wide area of flat or gently rolling land |
| physical geography | the physical features of the earths surface |
| human geography | the features of the earth that are created or changed by humans |
| settlement | a place where people live |
| tributary | a stream that flows into a larger stream or other body of water |
| subregion | a smaller division of a geographic region |
| escarpment | a cliff or aprupt break in the land's surface |
| growing season | the average number of days between the last killing frost of spring and the first killing frost of fall |
| steppe | a vast, treeless plain |
| aquifer | an underground layer of porous rock containing water |
| metropolitan area | a city and all the areas around it that depends on the central city |
| suburb | a smaller community just outside a city |
| industry | the activity of making of preparing products for sale |
| per capita income | the average amount of income per person per year in a given area |
| heritage | beliefs and customs that people get from their ancestors |
| 5 largest cities in Texas | Houston, San Antonio, Austin, Dallas, Fort Worth |
| Three Historic Time Periods | Paleo-Indian, Archaic, Late Prehistoric |
| Prehistoric | Before written history |
| Culture | the pattern of knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, and traits that characterize a group of people |
| extinction | state or condition of no longer existing |
| Civilization | a culture with a complex social structure and developments such as cities, trade, govenrment, art, writing, and science |
| Meso America | an area of ancient civilization in what is now Central America |
| Aztecs | developed a complex numbering system |
| social sturcture | the way a society is organized |
| nomads | one who moves from place to place with no permanent home |
| Karankawas | rubbed aligator or shark grease on their bodies to ward off insects |
| adobe | a brick or other building material made of sun-dried earth and straw |
| Europeans | thought of the Native Americans as inferior and made them give up their way of life |
| treaties | contract or agreement between nations or peoples |
| Diseases | Killed off many of the Native Americans |
| Buffalo | most important animal to the Native Americans |
| descendant | a person born of a certain family or group |
| expedition | a journey undertaken by a group of people with a definite purpose |
| Columbus three ships | Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria |
| 4 | Number of voyages Columbus took |
| colony | a land claimed for and controlled by a distinct nation |
| October 12, 1492 | Land was first sighted by Columbus and his men |
| Bahamas | present day location where Columbus first landed |
| King and Queen who funded Christopher Columbus' voyages | Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand |
| conquistadors | a Spanish explorer who searched for wealth and land in the Americas |
| First European to observe the Texas coast | Alvarez de Pineda |
| Cabeza de Vaca | First Europeans to explore the interior of Texas |
| Viceroy | governor of a colony who rules in the name of the king |
| Friar | person belonging to one of the religious brotherhoods of the Roman Catholic faith |
| pueblo | Native American village of houses built of adobe, or sund dried brick of straw and clay |
| Coronado | reached Palo Duro canyon |
| 1682 | First Spanish Mission in Texas |
| Corpus Christi de la Ysleta | first spanish mission near present day El Paso |
| mission | Spain's main tool to colonize Texas |
| missionary | one who is sent to do religious or charitable work in a territory of foreign country |
| La Salle | claimed Louisiana for King Louis 14th |
| buccaneer | a pirate, especially one who preyed on ships during the 1600's |
| failed to record the exact location of the mouth of the Mississippi River | The mistake La Salle made |
| Who killed La Salle | his own men |
| Alonso de Leon | named several rivers in Texas including the Nueces, Medina, and Hondo Rivers |
| presidio | a miltary post or fortified settlement in an area under Spanish control |
| 1718 | mission San Antonio de Valero is established (present day Alamo) |
| Chicken War | war between France and Spain that included chickens |
| St. Denis | married the presidio commander's granddaughter |
| de Aguayo | sent to reestablish Spanish authority in East Texas |
| Canary Islanders | built the first school in Texas |
| alliance | an association between people to advance their common interests |
| hacienda | a large estate or ranch in Spanish territory |
| 4 types on Spanish settlements | missions, presidios, towns, ranches |
| Daily life in the missions consisted of.... | prayers, instruction in Catholic faith, eating, working |
| commissary | a store where military personnel can buy equipment and food |
| civil settlements | a village made up of people who were neither priests nor soldiers |
| vaqueros | a livestock herder or cowhand |
| liberation | the act of becoming free |
| Father Hidalgo | called for liberation from the Spanish crown, "Grito De Delores' |
| January 22, 1811 | Las Casas declares the Mexican state of Texas independent from Spain |
| G.T.T. | Gone to Texas |
| Anglo-American | people whose ancestors moved from one of many European countries to the United States and who now share a common culture and language |
| immigrant | a person who comes to a country to settle |
| empresario | an agent who makes all arangements to bring settlers to a colony |
| filibuster | an adventurer who engages in a private rebellious activity in a foreign country |
| George Morgan | first empresario to recruit settlers from the U.S. |
| Philip Morgan | first filibuster in Texas |
| Stephen F. Austin | first filibuster in Texas |
| 1803 | Louisiana Purchase |
| 1607 | Jamestown |
| location of Jamestown | Virginia |
| important crop in Jamestown | tobacco |
| the lost colony | roanoke |
| Tejano | a person of Mexican descent living in Texas |
| Missouri | place where the Spanish allowed Anglo Americans to settle |
| 15 million | cost of the Louisiana Purchase |
| Two things the settlers had to do to be allowed to settle in Spanish territory | pledge loyalty to Spain, and practice Catholic faith |
| Muldoon Catholics | dishonest converts who became Catholic only to obtain land |
| "Mother of Texas" | Jane Long |
| "Father of Texas" | Stephen F. Austin |
| "Grandfather of Texas" | Moses Austin |
Created by:
jhardcastle@mckinney
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