ChiroBoards PT's!! Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| Contraindications to ALL modalities (3) | Hemorrhage, Infection w/ suppuration (not inflammation)(exception with superficial UV therapy), Malignancy |
| Contraindications to ALL HEATING modalities (5) | decreased thermal sensations; active TB; low back and abdomen during pregnancy; encapsulated swelling (i.e herpes simplex); Late stage diabetes |
| Contraindications to ALL ELECTRICAL modalities (7) | pacemaker; low back and abdomen during pregnancy; decreased sensation (LVG); Brain=transcerebral; Eyes; Heart=transthoracic; carotid sinuses |
| High freq. modalities (100,000Hz or greater) = (5) | UV, IR, SWD, MWD, US |
| Medium freq. modalities (2,000-10,000) = (2) | IF and Russian Stim |
| Low freq. modalities (1-2,00 Hz) = (6) | LVG; HV; SW; Faradic; Tens; IF |
| Ultra low freq. modalities (below 1Hz) = | microcurrent |
| What does micro-current do? | increase ATP, increase AA, Decrease Pain |
| what system does massage effect the greatest? | vascular system |
| Physiologic effects of massage: increases what? | blood and lymph flow; HR; BP; breaks adhesions; removes lactic acid |
| Physiologic effects of massage: decreases what? | edema; congestion; nerve activity (sedation) |
| Indications for massage = | strains; sprains; bruises; tendonitis; bursitis |
| Contraindications for massage (5) = | Key is vascular problems = -phlebiliths -thrombosis -variscosities - ulcerations -local acute conditions |
| Types of massage = stroking (begin and end every stroke towards the heart -centripital force = ? | Effleurage |
| Types of massage = deep kneading for muscle tissue = | Petrissage |
| Types of massage = percussion (hacking, cupping) = | Tapotment |
| cupping massage is good for what dx? | cystic fibrosis |
| Types of massage = deep rubbing with powder = | Friction massage |
| Types of massage = shaking of extremities, gentle rub, thumper = | Vibration massage |
| Types of massage = deep pressure massage = | Nimmo acupressure |
| When is TFM not recommended for tendonitis and bursitis? | when it has calcified |
| Physiological Effects of Traction = | Decrease intradiscal pressure; increase IVF space; Breaks adhesions (intermittent); Breaks muscle spasms (intermittent) and straightens curves (continuous); gliding of facet joints. |
| Traction indications = (5) | disc syndromes; foraminal encroachment; hyperlordosis; chronic muscle spasms; fibrotic adhesions |
| Traction contraindications | bone weakening conditions (osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia); preganancy; RA = transverse ligament (or down's) unless flex/ext. views are taken; acute muscle spasms; fractures (healed compression fx); hypertensive disorders |
| Cervical traction dosage: start and progression = | Begin at 5% of body weight and increase 2 pounds max each treatment to a max of 50 pounds. Never exceed this, or pt. tolerance |
| It takes how many pounds to overcome the weight of the skull = | 10 pounds |
| Cervical traction position = | flexion= 25-28 degrees C2-C7; neutral or 0 degrees for occuput-C1 upper cervical |
| Lumbar traction dosage: start and progression = | Begin at 25% of body weight, and increase 5 pounds max with each treatment to a maximum of 150 pounds. (50%) |
| Lumbar traction position = | supine with legs flexed and knees flexed |
| 2 names for lumbar traction position = | (1) 90 90 traction (2) Goucher's position (relaxes mm. and flattens lumbar curve) |
| Cryotherapy: physiologic effects = LOCAL effects (5) | vasoconstriction (followed by vasodilation =hunting-lewis rxn) ; decreased capillary pressure; edema reduction; decreased nerve metabolism; anesthetic to nervous system. |
| Cryotherapy: physiologic effects = SYSTEMIC effects (2) | -increased BP and -Decreased blood flow |
| Cryotherapy contradictions = | Circulatory compromise (raynauds and buergers) , pt. hypersensitivity to cold, frostbite, chilblains, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE |
| Ice pack time | 1 towel layer for 20 min |
| Blue ice time | 1 towel layer for 20 min |
| ice immersion time | 10-15 min |
| ice massage time | 5 min and keep moving |
| Vapocoolant sprays fluromethne = time | flexible, keep 14-18 INCHES away from pt. |
| cryokinetics = time | ice massage for 5 min. and ROm on movements |
| Cryotherapy Sensort rxns = CBAN acronym stands for = | Cold, burning, aching, numbnss |
| Transmission of heat by a liquid or a gas by curculation of the heated particles. Ex. whirlpool, sauna, = | Convection |
| Transfer of heat by a solid substance = | Conduction (hydrocollator pack, paraffin) |
| The transfer of electrical energy into heat (ex. shortwave, microwave, ultrasound) = | Conversion |
| Transmission of heat without the intervening medium getting heated (IR and UV) "from sun"= | Radiation |
| Physiological effects of IR = increases | vasodilation, circulation, lymph flow |
| Physiological effects of IR = decreases | muscle spasms, BP |
| IR indications | arthritic conditions, RA conditions; stiff joints; chronic backache; contusions, BEURGERS AND RAYNAUD'S, Bell's Palsy, inflanmmatory conditions, muscle spasm |
| IR long wave = | emitted by heated bodies |
| IR short wave= | Incandescent |
| Long wave IR intensity = | 170 degrees F |
| Short wave IR = distance | 14 - *18* inch |
| Long wave IR = distance | direct contact with towel layers |
| Shortwave vs. Longwave: wave length | SW = high (700-1500) ; LW = low (2) |
| Hydrocolator packs = temp | 150-170 degrees |
| Hydrocolator packs made of : | canvas filled with silica gel |
| Hydrocolator packs : use ___ towels | 6 |
| Cold bath temp = | 55-65 F |
| Hot bath temp = | 98-105 F |
| whirl pool time and dosage = | 20-30 min / dosage 2x a day (hot bath) |
| Contrast- start with : hot/cold? | hot |
| Effects of whirlpool (2) | vasodilation; sedate |
| Contrast hot/cold ratio | 3:1 |
| Paraffin bath temp = | 125-130 F |
| in paraffin bath, what oil used at max temp? | mineral oil |
| Effects of paraffin bath | relief of pain, especially for Chronic RA or OA |
| UV actions : | Thermal and Photochemical |
| UV physiological effects: | Erythema, Tanning of the skin( photo-taxia), Metabolic effects (antibacterial) |
| Indications for UV: | Skin conditions (acne, herpes zoster, fungal, chronic ulcers, healing wounds) Bone conditions (rickets and osteomalacia) |
| UV Contraindicaions | All modalities = HIM acronym |
| Penetration of UV = Superficial | 1-2 mm |
| UV treatment progression = | increase duration by 15 seconds/session, until you reach 3 minutes max. |
| UV freq = high/low? | high |
| shortwave wavelength number = | 180-270mm |
| longwave wavelength number = | 270-390mm |
| M/c UV device = | cold quartz; neon and mercury |
| Optimum effect of radiation occurs when the part to be treated is at right angles to the source) (angulation of rays) = | Cosine law |
| 5 stages of Burns (UV) = 0+ | SED, suberythermal dose - no red |
| 5 stages of Burns (UV) = 1+ | MED, min. erythermal dose |
| 5 stages of Burns (UV) = 2+ | 1st degree = sunburn |
| 5 stages of Burns (UV) = 3+ | 2nd degree = blistering |
| 5 stages of Burns (UV) = 4+ | 3rd degree = swelling |
| action of microwave diathermy | action |
| Diathermy physiological effects = Increases | Temp, pulse, resp, bmr, lymph flow, elimination, nutrition, vasodilation, glandular secretions |
| Diathermy physiological effects = Decreases | BP, nerve pain, muscle cramps, muscle spasms |
| Shortwave indications: | arthritis, sprain, bursitis, tenosynovitis, radiculitis, neuroitis, *Bronchitis, *Sinusitis, *PID |
| Diathermy contraindications: | TO HEAT + = Metalic implants, epiphydeal centers, moist dressings, phlbitis, varicosities, advanced osteoporosis edema, |
| Extra contraindications for microwave diathermy = (2) | Sinusitis and Otitis media |
| SWD vs. LWD = distance | direct vs. 1-5 inches |
| SWD vs. LWD = duration | 20-30 min ; 10-20 min |
| SWD vs. LWD = mode | outside-in vs. inside-out |
| Butterfly electrodes are used with SWD for this condition = | sinusitis |
| patient must where wire mesh goggles for this modality = | microwave diathermy |
| Ultrasound's actions = | Thermal (increases heat); Mechanical (micromassage); chemical (increases oxidation); Neural (mild anesthesia) |
| Ultrasound physiological effects: thermal | hyperemia, increase alkalosis, increase leukocytes, increase gland activity, reduce muscle spasm and deep heating |
| Ultrasound physiological effects: mechanical | dispersion of fluids, removes exudate, increse membrane permeability |
| Ultrasound physiological effects: Chemical | Increase gas exchange and increase chemical oxidation aids in healing |
| Ultrasound physiological effects: Neural | mild anesthesia |
| US indications | joint and musculoskeletal inflammation - subacute sprains, contusions, tendonitis, bursitis |
| US contraindications | Same as those for heat = spinal cord, plexus, ganglia, over epiphyseal plate, bony promnence unless using water, and FX |
| US max penetration amount | 4-8cm |
| US frequency setting | high 0.7-1.1 MHz |
| US therapeutic intensity range | 0.5-2.5 watts/sq cm |
| US duration for injury phases: | acute = 4 min (flexbile); subacute = 6 min (flexible); chronic = 10 minute max |
| Ultrasound pulsed vs. continous = when to use either? | pulsed for acute and edema ; continuous for chronic and subacute |
| Piezoelectric effect: | electrical to mechanical; mechanical to electrical; effects peak at bone muscle interface. |
| 1 megahertz is ____________(more deep/superficial) than 3 megahertz for ultrasound | deeper |
| A substance may be introduced into the tissues by incorporating cream, lotion, or gel as a coupling medium - | phonophoresis |
| which cream is typically used as a coupling medium with US = | mineral ice |
| direct currents ALL have polarity = T/F? | True |
| Type of direct currents (3) | Low volt galvanic, high volt, tens |
| LVG def = | unidirectonal/monophasic/continuous wave; Has strong polarity |
| High Volt def = | Unidirectional/monophasic/twin peaked/pulsed wave= for pain control |
| Alternating currents ALL have polarity = T/F | False (Do NOT have polarity) |
| Types of Alternating current = (3) | Sine wave; Faradic; Interferential |
| Sinewave def= | Bidirectional/biphasic/asymmetrical wave = for muscle contraction |
| Faradic def= | Bidirectional/biphasic/asymmetrical wave = for muscle contrction |
| Interferential def = | 2 medium freq. crossing sine waves; Deepest penetrating, least resistant= For pain control, edema reduction; and muscle contraction |
| soluble ionic salts are introduced into the body tissues by an electrical means = | Iontophoresis (seen in galvanic therapy) |
| In iontophoresis, bases, metal and alkaloids are all = | electropositive |
| In iontophoresis, aids, radicals, are all - | electronegative |
| Anode (+) attracts = | negative ions |
| Cathode (-) attracts= | positive ions |
| power measured in = | watts |
| current number of electrons measured in= | amps |
| resistance measured in = | ohms |
| EMF-Force measured in = | volts |
| laser power measured in = | joules |
| Minimum stim. to cause contraction - | Rheobase |
| Minimum amunt of time to cause a contraction at 2x rheobase = | Chronaxie |
| LVG positive pole is just like = | ice |
| LVG negative pole is just like = | heat |
| LVG positive pole physiological effects = | *vasoconstriction, acute pain relief, hardens tissue attract O2, repels hydrogens, attracts acids |
| LVG negative pole physiological effects = | *vasodilation, chronic pain relief, softens tissues, attracts hydrogen and repels O2. attracts bases |
| LVG indications= | Contusions, sprains, myositis, fibrositis |
| LVG contraindications = | decreased sensation* |
| LVG = penetration is _______; freq. is ___________ | deep; low |
| LVG intensity = | 0.5-1.0 milliamp |
| LVG duration = | 5-20 minutes a day |
| Galvanic pad size difference = | small for area of to be treated; large is used to cause diluting effect (no stimulating effect b/c pad is too big) |
| High Volt = action and mechanism | -Electrokinetic -Pain control via the opiate system |
| High Volt = enkephilin production vs. endorphin production = | Enk = high and fast (over 70 pulses/sec)<--acute) ; Endo = low and slow (1-10 pulses/sec) <-- chronic) |
| High Volt physiological effects | -pain control = endorphins =chronic, 0-20 freq ; enkephilin = acute, 80-150 freq -reduction of edema -muscle spasm redution -muscle exercise |
| High Volt Indications | musculoskeletal pain muscle spasms acute and subacute edema conditions muscle atrophy rehabilitate weakened muscle |
| High Volt contraindications | ALL those for electrical = over heart, pacemakers, low back/abdomen during pregnancy -Note = Decreased sensation is NOT a contrindication* |
| TENS, action = | -gate pain control -opiate pain control |
| Tens indications = | all types of pain except visceral |
| TENS contraindications = | All electrical modalities, AND not to be used during pregnancy, but ok at delivery |
| TENS: penetration and dosage = | penetration is superficial; dosage is minutes to hours (skin irritation with long usage) |
| TENS pad placement areas= | painful site dermatomal peripheral nerve trigger point motor point acupunture point contralateral for phantom limb pain |
| Interferential, action - (2) | -Electrokinetic -pain control (everything same as High Volt, except penetration) |
| IF physiological Effects = (3) | -muscle contraction -edema reduction -pain control |
| IF Indications = (4) | -acute injuries -swelling -muscle spasm -muscle atrophy |
| IF contraindications = | same as ALL electrical modalities |
| Interferential penetration = | Deep (intra-articular) |
| IF Types/Freq. | -Medium Freq. = Old (4.000-10,000) and New (2,000-10,000) -Russian Stim. (premodulated) = 10 seconds on, 50 seconds off |
| Microcurrent action = (2) | Healing effect pain control |
| constant changing of the treatment freq. equals decreased accommodation | modulation |
| Microcurrent physiological effect = (3) | -Increase ATP -Increase AA -Decrease pain |
| Microcurrent indications = (1) | musculoskeletal injuries |
| Microcurrent contraindications | same as all electrical modalities |
| Microcurrent = intensity level | below patient perception |
| Microcurrent = tissue healing in amps = | 200-800 micro amps |
| Cold laser, action= | decrease inflammation and decrease pain, and increase ATP |
| Massage, contraindications = | vascular problems |
| Type of massage used to break adhesions | Friction massage |
| Trigger point indications = | myofascial pain |
| Trigger point therapy = performed no longer than ___________ | 10 seconds |
| Traction contraindications | bone weak/inhibitedning conditions, ligamentous instablity; acute injury |
| Cryotherapy contraindications | circulatory compromise; hypersensitivity to cold, frostbite, and raynaud's |
| IR contraindications | acute conditions, inflammation, abnormal thermal sensation |
| IR indications | Chronic muscleskeletal conditions, arthritic conditions; stiff joints |
| UV indications | skin and bone conditions |
| UV contraindications | HIM |
| US acute vs. chronic settings: Mode | Pulsed=acute ; continuous=chronic |
| US acute vs. chronic settings: Thin tissue | 0.5-1.0 = acute ; 1.0-1.5 chronic |
| US acute vs. chronic settings: Thick tissue | 1.0-1.5 = acute ; 1.5-2.0 chronic |
| US settings change when performed under water | Add 0.5 w/cm2 i |
| Faradic/Sine Wave used for : | muscle contraction, to stretch fibrotic tissue; and to increase lymph flow |
| Trochanteric belt, aka | sacroiliac girdle |
| SI girdle is used for | SI hypermodbility (sit/stand test) |
| Buerger-Allen exercises for = | peripheral vascular disease |
| WIilliams exercises were designed to | reduce a hyperlordosis (hamstring stretches, pelvic tilts, abdomina crunches) |
| McKenzie's exercises were designed to | increase lordosis and rehab a disc. (low back extension exercises) |
| Codman's exercises were designed to | restore normal shoulder movements (finger tip wall walking and pendular exercises) |
| Kegel's are used to = | tighten/facilitate the perineum post partum and with incontinence. |
| Jacobson's exercises are what? | BIofeedback |
| DeLorme's exercises are used to | rehab the knee |
| Crawling exercises to mobilize the spine; and exercise muscles in scoliosis (cross-crawl) | Clayton's exercises |
| Frenkel's exercises used to = | increase coordination and uses a wobble board (also helps ataxic motion) |
| Milwaukee brace = worn how many hrs a day? | 23 hrs/day |
| Milwaukee brace = for what degree of scoliosis = | 20-40 degrees |
| Extremity braces: figure 8 aka = | Louisiana Strap |
| Extremity braces: figure 8 is for = | inverse ankle sprain |
| Extremity braces: Lennox-Hill aka = | Derotational brace |
| Extremity braces: Lennox-Hill is for | knee |
| Extremity braces: Cockup slint is for | wrist = carpal tunnel syndrome |
| Canes = Placement for OA = | place cane in opposite hand |
| Canes = place of single crutch = | place crutch in opposite hand |
| Fitting crutches = number acronym | 2-10-30 (measure 2 inch from axilla; tip of crutch 10 inch from malleolus; crutches should be at 30 degrees. |
| Used for patient with cerebral palsy, "patterning" | Bobarth exercises |
| Ballistic exercises is an example of | ballistic exercises |
| Upper cross syndrome = weak mm. | deep neck flexors, lower traps, serratus anterior |
| Upper cross syndrome = tight/facilitated muscles | pectoralis, upper traps, levator scapula |
| Lower Cross syndrome = weak mm. | abdominals, glute max, hamstrings |
| Lower Cross syndrome = tight/facilitated muscles | iliopsoas, quadriceps, erector spinae |
Created by:
bglasman
Popular Chiropractic sets