NeuroDisorders 1 Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| what is gray matter (what makes it up) | group of nerve cell bodies clustered in the CNS |
| what is white matter | myelinated axons and dendrites |
| axons are callled____ in the CNS? PNS? | CNS- Tracts PNS- Nerves |
| Areas of the brain that have concentrations of UMN White matter | Axons:Tracts - pyramidal -extrapyramidal |
| Areas of the brain that have concentrations of UMN GRAY matter | -cortex -basal ganglia - cerebellum |
| Areas of the Brain that have concentrations of LMN GRAY matter | -Pons +Medulla - midbrain (Brainstem) |
| Areas of the Brain that have concentrations of LMN WHITE matter | Cranial nerves and spinal nerves |
| Afferent... | AAS --Ass Afferent- Ascending (to CNS)- Sensory, |
| Efferent... | EMD- Eat my d**k Efferent-Motor-Descending (from CNS) |
| Deficiency of Dopamine results in... | insufficient cortical motor output. -Hypokentic dysarthria |
| importance of myelin | allows electrical impulses to travel faster and more efficiently |
| Automaticity | Preserved action that doesn't take thought |
| Example of automatic tasks | stereotypical phrases - recitation tasks - singing |
| LMN terms | PNS, Spinal & Cranial nerves, Final Common Pathway |
| Pyramidal System (corticobulbar) | (I-95) direct route from area 4 to CN nuclei - only 1 synapse |
| Extrapyramidal System | (route 1) -indirect route to CN nuclei - many synapses |
| Why do we need both routes to be intact for normal speech? | The Ex.P system serves to refine the crude intial impulses from area 4 by giving feedback |
| Areas that have topographical organization: | Primary motor cortex, sensory cortex, Supplementary Motor Area (SMA), subthalmic nucleus. |
| Definition : Topographical Organization | when a particular area controls specific muscles in the body |
| Structures involved in Motor PROGRAMMING | -SMA -BG -Lateral cerebellum -Fronto-limbic system -motor cortex (area 4) |
| Structure involves in Execution | -SMA -Cerebellum -Basal Ganglia -Motor cortex (area 4) -Thalamus -brainstem -Motorunits (LMN) |
| Structures involved in motor Planning | -Brocas -Wernikes -Prefrontal cortex -Area6 -SMA -Areas 5&7 |
| Dual Roles in planning Programing and Execution | SMA (all 3) - Cerebellum (prg & ex) -BG (pr & ex) - Motor;A4 (pr & ex). |
| For Aunt Tilly case, Remember: | Suspect=Left CVA , area 4 Clues- lang deficits, right paresis Call ambulance, drugs to minimize damage |
| Ataxic Dysarthria | Cerebellum |
| Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron Dysarthria | lower half of area 4 / unilateral acute cerebral hemispheres or subcortical areas |
| Spastic Dysarthria | Bilateral chronic (UMN) |
| Hypokenetic Dysarthria | Basal Ganglia - Substantia Nigra |
| Flaccid Dysarthria | PNS/ CN nuclei or neurmuscular junction |
| Hyperkenetic Dysarthria | Basal Ganglia- Striatum |
| CN: V | Trigeminal Motor- jaw elevation Sensory- head & facial sensation, anterior 2/3 of tongue (pressure), gums &velum |
| CN: VII | Facial Motor- upper face, lower face (cheeks, lips) Sensory- taste to anterior 2/3 |
| CN: IX | Glossopharyngeal Motor- soft palate Sensory- taste & pressure of posterior 1/3 of tongue |
| CN: X | Vagus Motor- laryngeal mvmt sensory- none |
| IX & X share the same nucleus called... | Nucleus ambiguus |
| CN XII | Hypoglossal Motor- tongue Sensory- none |
| What 2 other disorders coexist in a person who has apraxia? | Aphasia and Unilateral Upper motor neuron dysarthria |
| Operculum | - aka Insula,- little lid - BG is located under |
| Cerebellum is responsible for | coordination, balance, sequencing |
| difference between Ataxia and Apraxia | Ataxia: problems in motor programming/execution (discordination) Apraxia: problems in motor planning Both: trouble sequencing phonemes (via DDK test) |
| 80/20 - Unilateral UMNs | Lower face : cheeks & lips Limbs : Arms & legs tongue |
| 50/50 Bilateral UMNs | Upper face: forehead,brows,eye lids Larynx:VFs Pharynx:velum |
| UMN descript | -CNS -Tracts - Decussation |
| LMS descript | -PNS -Nerves (CN & Spinal) -Do Not Decussate |
| Framework: Environment | "environment in which speaking occurs;noise,lighting,communication partners, access. |
| Framework: Activity | "Act/difficulty speaking" Hint: Speaks/speaking. Not an articulator. ex : soft voice, monotone, inflection |
| Framework: Impairment | "weak, imprecise movements/production" Hints: Anatomical body parts,articulators. Physiological measure. |
| Framework: Participation | "everyday speaking situations" Hints: QoL reference, social |
Created by:
catbait
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