AP Hum Geo Midterm Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Language Convergence	Languages that were previously isolated come in contact and diffuse.
Language Divergence	Languages becoming different over time and space.
Ways Language Diffuses	Through conquest and agriculture.
The Conquest Theory	Languages get replaced as groups take over geographic areas.
The Agriculture Theory	Languages diffused when poor farming in Anatolia led people to migrate away.
Protolanguage	An ancestral language that has been lost or replaced.
Ethnic Religions	Relate a specific culture, ethnic heritage, and the physical geography of a particular place; they do not appeal to all people, only a single locale within an ethnicity; Ex. Judaism and Hinduism.
Universalizing Religions	Offer belief systems that are popular to the universal population; they look for new members welcome anyone who wishes to adopt their beliefs; Ex. Christianity, Islam, Catholicism, Buddhism
Monotheistic Religions	Religions that believe there is only one god or divine being; These religions all started in similar places; Ex. Catholicism, Christianity, Islam
Polytheistic Religions	Religions that believe there are multiple gods or divine beings usually responsible for areas of the universe; Ex. Hinduism
Centrifugal Forces	A force that divides people and countries.
Centripetal Forces	A force that unifies people and countries.
Diffusion	The spread of people, things, ideas, cultural practices, disease, and technology from place to place.
Types of Diffusion	Relocation, Contagious, Hierarchical, and Stimulus
Relocation Diffusion	Is the spread of a characteristic through the movement of people.
Contagious Diffusion	Is the spread of a characteristic equally without regards to social class, economic position, or position of power.
Syncretism	The blending of cultures to make something new.
Creolization	The process in which two or more languages converge to form a new language.
Taboo	An action or behavior that is forbidden in a specific culture.
Language	A system of communication through speech.
Language Family	A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.
Language Divisions	Family, branch, group.
Hierarchical Diffusion	Is the spread of an idea through passing from higher to lower levels.
Stimulus Diffusion	Is the spread of an trait that is adapted to fit a culture's beliefs or needs; The underlying principle stays the same while the rest is adapted or improved.
Acculturation	The adoption of cultural traits by one group under the influence of another; Cultures becoming more alike.
Assimilation	The process through which people lose originally differentiating traits when they come in contact with other cultures or societies; Ex. immigrant adaptation to new places.
Intervening Obstacles	Environmental or cultural features that hinders migration.
Intervening Opportunity	A feature that causes a migrant to choose a destination other than their original one.
Step Migration	A type of gradual migration that happens in a series of steps; It is the most common way for rural families to arrive in an urban setting; Ex. From farm to village, from village to town, from town to city.
Chain Migration	Migration of people to a specific location because of relatives or members of the same nationality have previously migrated there.
Language Branch	A collection of languages related by a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago.
Language Group	A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in relatively recent times; They display subtle differences in in grammar and vocabulary.
Lingua Franca	Is a language that combines simple words from multiple languages to understand others and facilitate trade.
Isogloss	A boundary between two distinct linguistic regions.
Brain Drain	The collective loss of skill, education, training, and wealth that occurs when highly educated and wealthy people move from a country.
Culture Traits	Traits unique to a specific group of people; Ex. Language, ethnicity, religion, and social institutions.
Cultural Landscape	Cultural attributes of an area used to describe a place.
Anti Natalist Policies	Policies that discourage women to have children.
Ravenstein's First Law of Migration	Most Migrants only move a short distance.
Ravenstein's Second Law of Migration	There is a process of absorption, whereby people immediately surrounding a rapidly growing town move into it and the gaps they leave are filled by migrants from more distant areas, and so on until the force is spent.
Ravenstein's Third Law of Migration	There is a process of dispersion, which is the inverse of absortion.
Total Fertility Rate	The average number of children a woman will have during her child bearing years.
Carrying Capacity	The ability for the land to sustain a certain number of people.
Dependency Ratio	The ratio of children or older person in comparison to the working population.
Pro Natalist Policies	Policies encouraging women to have children.
Ravenstein's Fourth Law of Migration	Each migration flow produces a compensating counter-flow.
Ravenstein's Fifth Law of Migration	Long-distance migrants go to one of the great centers of commerce and industry.
Ravenstein's Sixth Law of Migration	Natives of towns are less migratory than those of rural areas.
Ravenstein's Seventh Law of Migration	Females are more migratory than males.
Ravenstein's Eighth Law of Migration	Economic factors are the main cause of migration.
Population Pyramids	Show gender and age; LDCs have pyramids that look like triangles; MDCs have pyramids that are inverted or take the shape of coke bottles.
Stage 1 in DTM	High CBR(Crude Birth Rate), no education on contraception; famine and disease keep CDR(Crude Death Rate) high.
Stage 2 in DTM	CBR high, no education on contraception; Mass food production keeping CDR low.
Stage 3 in DTM	Women gain rights & CBR falls drastically; CDR falls because of advancements in healthcare.
Purposeful Movement	Involves a change of permanent residence.
Cyclical Movement	Movement that has a closed route; Ex. Commuting to work or school
Types of Migration	Cultural, environmental, political, forced, and economic.
Refugee	A person who flees due to war, persecution or natural disaster.
Asylum Seeker	A person who is specifically seeking safety from their country.
Stage 4 in DTM	ZPG(Zero Population Growth) due to career oriented women and outstanding healthcare.
Stage 5 in DTM	Negative population growth due to delayed family starts and focus on careers.
Long-term Relocation	An Individual, household, or group to a new location outside the community of orgin.
Push Factors	Unfavorable characteristics of a locale that leads to inhabitants leaving.
Pull Factors	Characteristics of a place or region that act as attractive forces.
Physiological Density	People per farmland; Total number of people divided by the total area of arable land; Shows the strain of people on the land to produce enough food.
Arithmetic Density	People per land; Total number of people divided by land area; Does not state population distribution within a country.
Types of Movement	Cyclical, periodic, migratory, transhumance, guest worker.
Periodic Movement	Movement that has a lengthy return date; Ex. College or deployment
Migratory Movement	Movement that is permanent; Ex. Moving to a new city.
Transhumance Movement	Seasonal movement of livestock between winter and summer pastures; A type of pastoralism or nomadism.
Transnational Migration	Migrants develop and maintain in the new and previous country; Identifying across multiple countries - blurring their nationality; Creates culture in the new country and sends money back to family(remittances).
Guest Worker	A non-permanent worker that comes in for low-cost labor.
Agricultural Density	Farmer per farmland; Ratio of number of farmers to the amount of arable land; MDCs have a lower density because technology allows few to farm for many; LDCs have a high density because of a lack of technology. More peo
Malthusian Theory	Population grows exponentially while food grows linearly. If left unchecked by famine, disease, and war we will eventually outgrow out food supply.
Sustainability	The use of Earth's resources in ways to ensure their availability for future generations.
Toponyms	The science of place names based on the location.
Globalization	the increasing connection of economic, cultural, and political characteristics across the world.
Environmental Determinism	The philosophy that people's behaviors are a direct result of the environment.
Environmental Possibilism	The idea that the environment may set limits on humanity but that humanity can adapt to the environment.
Site	The physical character of a place; The location and the significance of it.
Absolute Location	The position on the surface of the Earth using longitude and latitude.
Relative Location	The position on the surface of the Earth in comparison to other features on the Earth.
Situation	Relates to the surrounding features of a place, natural and human-made.
Formal Region	An area which everyone shares distinctive characteristics.
Functional Region(Nodal Regions)	A social or economic region that occurs between a node or focal point and the surrounding areas.
Vernacular Region(Perceptual Region)	A region that people believe exists as part of their cultural idea; People's perception of the place around them created by an informal sense of place.
Distance Decay	The theory that states as distance between two places increases they interact less.
Agriculture	The raising of animals and growing of crops on landed to obtain a primary source of food for the farmer and their family.
Industrialization	The development of industries by the implementation of machine production of goods.
Demographics	The study of population characteristics such as birth rate, death rate, life expectancy, etc.
Geographic Information Systems(GIS)	Geographical data mapped in order to help make decisions for businesses, governments, or people.
Global Positioning Systems(GPS)	Uses remote sensing from satellites navigation to provide location and data.
Choropleth	A map with areas shaded or patterns proportionate to the measurement of statistical data.
Mercator Projection	Used for navigation and sailing; Is the least distorted of all of the projections.
Robinson Projection	Shapes near the poles are flat; Continents appear similar to the globe; Minor distortions and distances at the poles are incorrect; Most common of the projections.
Cartography	The science of map making.
Scale	Is the relationship between distances on the map and on the surface of the Earth; Can be local or global; Can be by fractions, ratios, or verballys.
Time-Space Compression	The ability to move an item from one place to another and the acceleration of that process; The idea that the world is getting smaller because of advancements in technology.
Time-Space Convergence	Internet increases the interaction of cultures; The idea that the world is smaller because of advancements in communication; Things diffuse faster than before because of improvements in technology.
Sequent Occupance	The notion that succesive cultures leave imprints on the cultural landscape; Each lead to a cumulative cultural landscape.
Isoline	A map that has lines that join in places of equal values.
Cartogram	A map where the size of a region is distorted to convey some statistical value.
Proportional Symbol	A thematic map in which the size or number of a chosen symbol indicates the relative statistical value for a geographic region.
Remote Sensing	Study the position of an object without making physical contact; Satellites use it to collect data.
Scale of Analysis	Used by geographers to analyze relations among places to reveal important spatial patterns.
Census	Survey of a country's population.
Region	Any area differentiated from surrounding areas by at least one characteristics.
Culture	Shared characteristics of a group of people such as beliefs, behavioral patterns, and norms.

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