Ch 9 Vocab Word Scramble
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| Word | Definition |
| Agribusiness | Commercial ag characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations. |
| Agricultural Revolution | The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. |
| Agriculture | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. |
| Aquaculture (aquafarming) | The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions. |
| Cereal grain | A grass that yields grain for food. |
| Commercial Agriculture | Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm. |
| Crop | Any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season. |
| Crop rotation | The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil |
| Dairy Farm | A form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of milk and other diary products. |
| Desertification | Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semiarid land degradation. |
| Dietary energy consumption | The amount of food that an individual consumes, measured in kilocalories (calories in USA) |
| Double cropping | Harvesting twice a year from the same field. |
| Fishing | The capture of wild fish and other seafood living in the waters. |
| Food security | Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. |
| Genetically modified organism (GMO) | A living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology |
| Grain | Seeds of a cereal grass. |
| Green revolution | Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. |
| Horticulture | The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. |
| Intensive subsistence agriculture | A form of agriculture characteristics of Asia's major population concentrations in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield of a parcel of land. |
| Milkshed | The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied. |
| Mixed crop and livestock farming | Commercial farming characterized by integration of crops and livestock; most of the crops are fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans. |
| No tillage | A farming practice that leaves all of the soil undisturbed and the entire residue of the previous year's harvest left untouched on the fields. |
| Overfishing | Capturing fish faster than they can reproduce. |
| Paddy | The Malay word for wet rice, increasingly used to describe a flooded field. |
| Pastoral nomadism | A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals. |
| Plantation | A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sales, usually to a more developed country. |
| Prime agricultural land | The most productive farmland |
| Ranching | A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area. |
| Ridge Tillage | A system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation. |
| Sawah | A flooded field for growing rice |
| Shifting cultivation | A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. |
| Slash and burn agriculture | Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris |
| Subsistence agriculture | Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family. |
| Swidden | A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning. |
| Transhumance | The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures. |
| Truck Farming | Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named for the Middle English word truck, meaning "barter" or "exchange of commodities" |
| Undernourishment | Dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity. |
| Wet rice | Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth. |
| Carrying Capacity | the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation |
| Enviornmental Degradation | the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as quality of air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution. |
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