CM- Urinalysis Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Liquid Excrement consisting of water, salts, and urea | Urine |
| Location of urine production; storage | Kidney; Urinary Bladder |
| Detects and measures several substances in urine | Urinalysis |
| Checking of the appearance and color of the urine | gross examination |
| Urinalysis should be performed within ______ minutes of collecting the sample. | 15 |
| Optimal temperature for refrigeration of Urine | 2-8 degrees |
| Pathologic Causes of clear urine | Drinking more than the daily recommended amount of water |
| Pathologic causes of Cloudy Urine | Phosphaturia Pyuria Chyluria Liduria hyperoxaluria |
| Food or Drug cause of Cloudy urine | Diet high in purine rich foods Hyperuricosuria |
| Pathologic cause of red or pink urine | Hematuria, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, porphyria |
| Food or drug cause of red or pink urine | Fruits with naturally deep pink or magenta pigments Beets (anthocyanin) |
| Pathologic cause of blue or green urine | Pseudomonal UTI, biliverdin |
| Food or drug cause of blue or green urine | Amitriptyline (Elavil), indigo carmine, IV cimetidine (Tagamet), IV promethazine (Phenergan), methylene blue, triamterene (Dyrenium). Food coloring. |
| What does brown to dark brown urine or orange urine indicate? | Dehydration |
| Pathologic cause of brown to dark brown urine | Porphyria Indicates liver disease |
| Food or drug cause of brown to dark brown urine | Side effect of metronidazole, chloroquine, antimalarial agents Large amounts of Rhubarb, aloe, or fava beans |
| Pathologic cause of orange urine | Bile pigments |
| Food or drug cause of orange urine | phenothiazines, phenazopyridine (Pyridium) |
| Pathologic cause of yellow to amber urine | Concentrated urine |
| Food or drug cause of yellow to amber urine | Carrots cascara |
| Involves placing papers that contain small pads of chemicals into the urine sample | Urine dipstick tests |
| Component of dipstick test that indicates the amount of acid in urine | Acidity/ pH |
| Abnormal pH levels indicate _______ | UTI |
| Dipstick test that shows the amount of particles present in urine per unit volume | Specific Gravity Concentration |
| Higher than normal urine concentration indicates what | Dehydration or not drinking enough fluids |
| Large amounts of protein might indicate problems in the A) liver B) kidney C) both D) neither | B) kidney |
| T/F there is normally a low amount of glucose in urine | True |
| Ketones in urine can be a sign of what disease? | Diabetes |
| Product of RBC breakdown | bilirubin |
| Bilirubin in urine can indicate what | liver damage or liver disease |
| Nitrites or leukocyte esterase present in urine can indicate what | UTI |
| Blood in urine | Hematuria |
| Alternative to urine dipstick tests | tablet test |
| Main component of urine | water |
| Common symptom of diabetes | sweet smelling urine |
| cause of sweet urine odor | high blood sugar diabetes |
| Occurs when bacteria from the intestines enter the bladder | Bladder fistula |
| Cause of strong urine odor | liver disease |
| Cause of mousey smell urine | phenylketonuria |
| Incurable genetic disease that makes you unable to break down phenylalanine. | Phenylketonuria |
| Cause of maple syrup odor urine | MSUD |
| Rare and incurable genetic disease that makes you unable to breakdown Leu, Ile, Val. | MSUD |
| Lack of treatment for MSUD can lead to what | Brain damage and death |
| Organ responsible for pH homeostasis | Kidneys |
| COmponent of bile that when present in urine indicates liver damage | Bilirubin |
| When present in high amounts, this substance might indicate viral hepatitis, or conditions associated with hemolytic anemia | Urobilinogen |
| When urobilinogen is absent, it indicates | Hepatic or biliary obstruction |
| Protein test pad provides a rough estimate of _________ in urine | albumin concentration |
| Urine protein elevation | proteinuria |
| High amounts of glucose in urine | Glucosuria |
| follow up test after occurrence of glucosuria | Fasting Blood Glucose |
| Intermediates of fat metabolism | ketones |
| in a person with diabetes, ketones are indications of insufficient _________ | insulin |
| Condition where excess glucose and ketones are excreted into urine in order to flush them out of the body | Diabetic ketoacidosis |
| Presence of hemoglobin in urine | Hemoglobinuria |
| Myoglobin found in urine may indicate | muscle damage or injury |
| Enzyme most common in WBCs | Leukocyte esterase |
| Increase in WBCs in urine indicates | inflammation in the urinary tract |
| Most common cause of positive leukocyte esterase test | Leukocyturia (Bacterial UTI) |
| Microscope used in urinalysis | Bright field |
| Normal amount of RBCs per HPF in urine | 0-5 |
| Healthy amount of hyaline casts in urine | 0-5 per LPF |
| Different types of cellular casts | WBC cast, RBC cast |
| Normal urine crystals | Amorhous urates, Crystalline uric acid, calcium oxalates, amorphous phosphates |
| Abnormal urine crystals | CaCO3, cystine, tyrosine, leucine |
| A method of specimen collection for obtaining non contaminated specimens. It is easy to perform and it provides a sample that can be used for bacteriologic examination and routine urinalysis. | clean catch |
| This method may be used if the patient is having difficulty voiding. It can also be used in a female patient to avoid vaginal contamination, especially during menstruation | Catheterization |
| To collect this specimen the patient voids before going to bed, and immediately on rising for sleep collects a urine specimen. a. | First morning specimen |
| The specimen can be collected at any time, usually during daytime hours, and without prior patient preparation. | Random urine specimen |
| Preferred specimen for urinalysis | First morning specimen |
| Following collection, specimens should be delivered to the laboratory promptly and tested within how many hours? | 2 hours |
| This type of urine examination makes use of reagent test strips? | Chemical examination |
| Normal range of urine volume for adults | 600 to 2000 mL |
| Polyuria is observed in these diseases | Diabetes, Chronic Renal Disease |
| Normally, yellow color of urine is produced by | Urochrome |
| Urine that turns black upon standing may contain what | Homogentisic acid, melanocytes, and melanin |
| . Freshly voided normal urine is usually clear; however, if it is alkaline, a white turbidity may be present due to | Amorphous phosphates |
| A yellow-brown specimen that produces a yellow foam when shaken can be suspected of containing: | Bilirubin |
| What pigment causes red coloration of urine when eating beets? | anthocyanins |
| A person with polyuria will have what coloration of urine? | colorless |
| Terms Used to describe clarity of ones urine | clear cloudy turbid |
| Urine clarity that indicates the presence of mucus | hazy |
| What enzyme causes one’s urine to smell like ammonia | Urease |
| What organic compound causes urine to smell fruity? | Ketones |
| What is another way to call urine clarity? | turbidity |
| 1. An increased specific gravity may be attributed to the following conditions except: a. Dehydration b. Diabetes insipidus c. Diarrhea d. Glucosuria | b. Diabetes insipidus |
| Analyte in urinalysis that uses a double-indicator system | pH |
| Presence of this analyte in urinalysis may be indicative of biliary obstruction | Bilirubin |
| Commonly used as first indicator for renal diseases | protein test |
| Ascorbic acid may interfere the reading of the following analytes in urine | Glucose, bilirubin, nitrite |
| Presence of this analyte could be indicative of diabetes mellitus | glucose |
| At what speed and for how long should urine be centrifuged | 1500 rpm for 5 minutes |
| Urine sediment reported as number per LPF | squamous epithelial cells |
| T/F RBCs crenate in hypotonic urine | False |
| T/F In alkaline urine, RBCs lyse | True |
| Largest cell present in urine sediment | squamous epithelial cells |
| Parasites in urine are usually contaminants from __________ | the feces or vagina |
| most valuable initial aid for identification of crystals in urine is | pH test strip |
| Contributes to the formation of urinary crystals | solute concentration, pH, and temperature |
| Primary component of urinary mucus is | Tamm-Horsfall protein |
| Finding yeast cells in urine is commonly associated with | Diabetes mellitus |
| Urinary cast usually mistaken for mucus | hyaline cast |
| urinary parasite that is actually an intestinal parasite | Enterobius Vermicularis |
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