Biology Finals 7 Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
transpiration | the passage of water through a plant from the roots through the vascular system to the atmosphere. |
RNA | ribonucleic acid any of a class of single-stranded molecules transcribed from DNA in the cell nucleus or in the mitochondrion or chloroplast, containing along the strand a linear sequence of nucleotide bases that is complementary to the DNA strand |
omnivore | eating both animal and plant foods. |
biomass | the amount of living matter in a given habitat, expressed either as the weight of organisms per unit area or as the volume of organisms per unit volume of habitat. |
carnivore | an animal that eats flesh. |
food web | a series of organisms related by predator-prey and consumer-resource interactions; the entirety of interrelated food chains in an ecological community. |
heterozygous | having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic. |
dihybrid | the offspring of parents differing in two specific pairs of genes. |
Gregor Mendel | Through the selective cross-breeding of common pea plants (Pisum sativum) over many generations, Mendel discovered that certain traits show up in offspring without any blending of parent characteristics. |
nitrifying bacteria | Any of various soil bacteria that change ammonia or ammonium into nitrite or change nitrite into nitrate as part of the nitrogen cycle |
species | composed of related individuals that resemble one another, are able to breed among themselves, but are not able to breed with members of another spe |
autotroph | any organism capable of self-nourishment by using inorganic materials as a source of nutrients and using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis as a source of energy, as most plants and certain bacteria and protists. |
evolution | change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift. |
dominant | the one of a pair of alternative alleles that masks the effect of the other when both are present in the same cell or organism. |
homozygous | having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics. |
phenotype | the appearance of an organism resulting from the interaction of the genotype and the environment. |
gene pool | the total genetic information in the gametes of all the individuals in a population. |
evaporation | to change from a liquid or solid state into vapor; pass off in vapor. |
use and disuse | life started out simple and became more complex & Lamarck believed that disuse would cause a trait to become reduced &He believed that traits changed or acquired over an individual's lifetime could be passed down to its offspring. |
Sticky Ends | single-stranded end of DNA or RNA having a nucleotide base sequence complementary to that of another strand, enabling the two strands to be connected by base pairing |
mRNA | messenger RNA. |
sex influenced | traits controlled by autosome; sex influenced trait is baldness |
herbivore | feeding on plants. |
subspecies | a subdivision of a species, especially a geographical or ecological subdivision. |
transcription | to make an exact copy of |
decomposer | an organism, usually a bacterium or fungus, that breaks down the cells of dead plants and animals into simpler substances. |
tRNA | One of a class of RNA molecules that transports amino acids to ribosomes for incorporation into a polypeptide undergoing synthesis. Also called transfer RNA . |
gene splicing | recombinant DNA technology. |
dentrifying Bacteria | Soil microorganisms whose action results in the conversion of nitrates in soil to free atmospheric nitrogen, thus exhausting soil fertility and reducing agricultural productivity. |
nucleotide | any of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA or RNA: composed of a phosphate group, the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and a pentose sugar, in RNA the thymine base being replaced by uracil. |
carrying capacity | the maximum, equilibrium number of organisms of a particular species that can be supported indefinitely in a given environment. Abbreviation: K |
condensation | to become liquid or solid, as a gas or vapor |
homologous structures | Structures derived from a common ancestor or same evolutionary or developmental origin |
sex linked | (of a gene) located in a sex chromosome. |
consumer | an organism, usually an animal, that feeds on plants or other animals. |
vestigial structures | Vestigial structures provide a clue to the evolutionary history of a species because they are remnants of structures found in the ancestral species. |
Recombinant DNA | DNA in which one or more segments or genes have been inserted, either naturally or by laboratory manipulation, from a different molecule or from another part of the same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination. |
genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits. |
Darwin | proposed a theory of evolution occurring by the process of natural selection. The animals (or plants) best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on the characteristics which helped them survive to their offspring. |
eutrophic | (of a lake) characterized by an abundant accumulation of nutrients that support a dense growth of algae and other organisms, the decay of which depletes the shallow waters of oxygen in summer. |
mutation | a sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome. |
Plasmid | a segment of DNA independent of the chromosomes and capable of replication, occurring in bacteria and yeast: used in recombinant DNA procedures to transfer genetic material from one cell to another. |
anticodon | a sequence of three nucleotides in a region of transfer RNA that recognizes a complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA during translation by the ribosomes in protein biosynthesis. |
nitrification | to impregnate with nitrogen or nitrogen compounds. |
monohybrid | the offspring of individuals that differ with respect to a particular gene pair. |
binomial nomenclature | a formal system used in biology to name organisms. |
recessive | that one of a pair of alternative alleles whose effect is masked by the activity of the second when both are present in the same cell or organism. |
Restriction Enzyme | any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of DNA molecules at specific sites: used for gene splicing in recombinant DNA technology and for chromosome mapping. |
food chain | a series of organisms interrelated in their feeding habits, the smallest being fed upon by a larger one, which in turn feeds a still larger one, etc. |
natural selection | forms of life having traits that enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, as predators, changes in climate, or competition for food or mates, will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers than others of their kind. |
density dependent | Density dependence occurs when the population growth rate, or constituent gain rates (e.g. birth and immigration) or loss rates (death and emigration), vary causally with population size or density |
density independent | A factor that influences individuals in a population in a manner that does not vary with the extent of crowding present in the population. |
oligiotrophic | (of a lake) characterized by a low accumulation of dissolved nutrient salts, supporting but a sparse growth of algae and other organisms, and having a high oxygen content owing to the low organic content. |
heterotroph | an organism requiring organic compounds for its principal source of food |
Lamarck | Lamarck: The theory of transformation |
producer | Animals are called consumers. This is because they cannot make their own food, so they need to consume (eat) plants and/or animals. |
dentrification | to reduce (nitrates) to nitrites, ammonia, and free nitrogen, as in soil by microorganisms. |
Linnaeus | Carl Linnaeus is often called the Father of Taxonomy. His system for naming, ranking, and classifying organisms is still in wide use today (with many changes). |
population | the assemblage of a specific type of organism living in a given area. |
codon | a triplet of adjacent nucleotides in the messenger RNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid in the synthesis of a protein molecule. |
primary consumer | (in the food chain) an animal that feeds on plants; a herbivore. |
translation | change or conversion to another form, appearance, etc.; transformation |
DNA | Genetics. deoxyribonucleic acid: an extremely long macromolecule |
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