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Bio 2 Exam 2 Test

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1.
What is the structure of Gram negative cells and what color do they stain?
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2.
What is a iscosahedral capsid?
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3.
What is the structure of Gram positive cells and what color do they stain?
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4.
What are some evidence supporting the assertion that viruses are living organisms?
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5.
How is an out group used to construct a phylogenetic tree?
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6.
What are k-selected species?
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7.
What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
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8.
Describe the snowshoe hare-lynx and the wolf-moose examples of population dynamics. How are the two cases similar? How are they different? What are some causes of the dynamics?
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9.
What is a helical capsid?
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10.
What is peptidoglycan?
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11.
How is the genome of the bacterial cell organized?
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12.
What is a monophyletic group?
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13.
What is a survivorship curve, and name the three types of survivorship curves.
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14.
What is the equation for exponential growth?
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15.
What controls the length of food chains?
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16.
What is the difference between a fundamental and realized niche?
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17.
What life history traits might lead to these survivorship curves?
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18.
What are some problems with the older 5 kingdoms?
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19.
What is the function of the sex pilus?
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20.
How do flagella propel bacteria?
A.
Web is not isolated in chains, but connect to eachother in webs. A given food species can feed into more than one trophic level
B.
SHL: the number of indviduals in each population drastically increased than decreased about every 10 years, causes cyclical pattern. POPULATION SIZE IS DYNAMIC
C.
Energetic hypothesis: the inefficency of energy transfer limits length of chain (only 20% transferred)
D.
some members of Monera were vastly different from each other and Protista were polyphyletic (some related to other kingdoms)
E.
Building blocks arranged into triangles
F.
This is used as a reference point to start the tree. The appearance of the characters in the study group compared to the out-group can show the order of which the characters appeared in the organisms.
G.
tube to exchange genetic material between two bacterial cells
H.
The filament rotates, pushing the bacterium through liquid. The hook connects the filament to the basal apparatus. The basal apparatus anchors to the flagellum to the cell
I.
Monophyletic: includes the most recent common ancestor of a group and ALL of its descendants
J.
Hollow tube that protects the genome
K.
Sugar-amino acid complex that form a mesh net
L.
Usually a single, double-stranded circular chromosome
M.
organisms adapted to living at or near carrying capacity (exhibit logistic growth, age at 1st reproduction old, long life span, extensive parental care, more prone to extinction (trees
N.
Type 1: steady survivorship for a long time (large mammals). Type 2: constant mortality rate over time (uniform death rate). Type 3: low survivorship rate at the early part of life cycle (oysters shell)
O.
Fundamental: entire niche that species is capable of using. Realized: actual environment conditions that species uses
P.
Expo: dN/dt = rmaxN (N = indv, rmax= rate of growth, dN/dt = instantaneous growth rate over time) The slope of the graph will be steeper the larger the rate of growth.
Q.
has a thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by and outer membrane (2 lipid bilayers) the outer membrane is made of lipoplysacchride which is polar and non-polar. Appear pink
R.
thick layer of peptidoglycan(made of many layers) that forms a strong cell wall. Appear purple
S.
Survivorship curve = percent of orignal population that survives to a given age. Type 1, Type 2, Type 3
T.
Contains biological macromolecules(DNA & protein), can reproduce
Type the Answer that corresponds to the displayed Question.
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21.
Of these three groups: monophyletic, paraphyletic and polyphyletic groups which would represent a clade?
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22.
What is the function of the circular chromosomes?
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23.
produce methane due to unique metabolism
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24.
salt loving
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25.
infectious proteins that are misfiled versions of normal proteins that are found in the brain
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26.
heat loving
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27.
A=attachment to host cell(binds to surface on the host), P=penetrate the plasma membrane, U=un-coating of the capsid to release genome, T= transcription, T=translation, G=genome replication, A=assembly of virus, R=release of virus

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