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General Principles Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
Inducers of cytochrome P450:
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2.
What is the difference between phase I and phase II types of biotransformation?
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3.
Toxicity Antidotes: 1. Acetaminophen 2. Salicylates 3. Amphetamines 4. Antimuscarinic agent
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4.
What is similar of all drugs with "phen" in the name?
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5.
What effect do the following have on efficacy and potency: 1. competitive inhibitors 2. noncompetitive inhibitors
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6.
At what pH would the following drugs be ionized? 1. acidic drugs 2. basic drugs
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7.
1. How many half lives does it take to get to steady state? 2. What percentage of steady state is reached after one half-life?
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8.
Inhibitors of cytochrome P450:
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9.
Which kind of antagonism: 1. competitive antagonism for the same receptor 2. two agonist with opposing action (i.e. vasoconstrictor vs vasodilator) 3. interacts directly with drug to remove it or prevent it from binding target
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10.
Toxicity Antidotes: 1. TCAs 2. Warfarin 3. tPA 4. theophylline
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11.
1. Where is the cell are cytochrome P450 enzymes found? 2. Which cytochrome P450 enzyme metabolizes a majority of the drugs on the market? 3. Which drugs induce SLE-like symptoms?
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12.
What are the compartments for total body water?
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13.
How is therapeutic index calculated?
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14.
What is gray baby syndrome? Why is it seen?
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15.
Toxicity Antidotes: 1. β-blockers 2. Iron 3. Lead 4. Cyanide
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16.
1. Where in the body will the following drugs be best absorbed? 1. acidic drugs 2. basic drugs
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17.
1. How do irreversible inhibitors effect Km and Vmax? 2. How do reversible inhibitors effect Km and Vmax?
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18.
Toxicity Antidotes: 1. Methemoglobin 2. Methanol 3. Opioids 4. Benzodiazepines
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19.
What is the effect of mixing a partial agonist and a full agonist?
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20.
1. What is the fastest route of drug absorption? 2. How do you calculate total body water?
A.
1. NaHCO3 (Alkalinize urine) 2. Vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma 3. aminocaproic acid 4. β-blocker
B.
1. smooth ER 2. 3A4 3. hydralazine > procainamide > isoniazide
C.
1. phase I: cytochrome P450 2. phase II: conjugation via transferases
D.
Inhibit drinking from a KEG or you'll be Acutely SICk 1. Ketoconazole 2. Erythromycin 3. Grapefruit juice 4. Acute alcohol 5. Sulfonamides 6. Isoniazide 7. Cimetidine
E.
1. Pharmacologic antagonist 2. Physiologic antagonism 3. Chemical antagonism
F.
1. Methylene blue 2. Ethanol 3. Naloxone/naltrexone 4. Flumazenil
G.
1. N-acetylcysteine 2. NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine) 3. NH4Cl (acidify urine) 4. Physostigmine salicylate
H.
1. stomach (low pH so drug is nonionized) 2. small intestine (high pH so drug is nonionized)
I.
1. high pH (drug donates a proton to environment) 2. low pH (drug accepts a proton from environment)
J.
the partial agonist displaces the full agonist from the receptor and the response is reduced - the partial agonist is acting as an antagonist
K.
1. chloramphenicol toxicity 2. the drug is metabolized by glucuronidation which has reduced activity in neonates
L.
1. extracellular (14L) which is composed of plasma (3L) and interstitial (11L) 2. Intracellular
M.
TI = LD50/ED50 (TILE) dose that is lethal to 50% of the population divided by dose that is effected to 50% of the population
N.
1. decrease Vmax; no effect on Km 2. no effect on Vmax; ↑ Km (less affinity)
O.
1. lipid soluble 2. cross the blood-brain-barrier 3. liver metabolism
P.
1. ↓ potency (↑ dose required for effect - same as ↑ Km) 2. ↓ efficacy (less max effect - Vmax)
Q.
1. 4-5 half lives 2. 50%
R.
1. inhalation 2. patient's weight x 60%
S.
Queen Barb Steals Phen-phen and Refuses Greasy Carbs Chronically 1. Quinidine 2. Barbiturates 3. St. John's Wort 4. Phenytoin 5. Rifampin 6. Griseofulvin 7. Carbamazepine 8. Chronical alcohol use
T.
1. glucagon 2. Deferoamine 3. dimercaprol, CaEDTA 4. Nitrite, thiosulfate
Type the Question that corresponds to the displayed Answer.
incorrect
21.
1. Maximal effect a drug can produce 2. Amount of drug needed for a given effect (related to effective dose, ED50)

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