Pharmacology: General
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| 1. Drugs that remain in the plasma compartment of the body have a volume of distribution (Vd) of: 2. In which ionization state are drugs better able to permeate lipid membranes? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. ionized (charged)
2. 50% ionized and 50% nonionized
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| At what pH would the following drugs be ionized? 1. acidic drugs 2. basic drugs | show 🗑
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| 1. Where in the body will the following drugs be best absorbed? 1. acidic drugs 2. basic drugs | show 🗑
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| 1. What is the fastest route of drug absorption? 2. How do you calculate total body water? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. extracellular (14L) which is composed of plasma (3L) and interstitial (11L)
2. Intracellular
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| show | 1. phase I: cytochrome P450
2. phase II: conjugation via transferases
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| show | 1. chloramphenicol toxicity
2. the drug is metabolized by glucuronidation which has reduced activity in neonates
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| 1. Where is the cell are cytochrome P450 enzymes found? 2. Which cytochrome P450 enzyme metabolizes a majority of the drugs on the market? 3. Which drugs induce SLE-like symptoms? | show 🗑
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| Inducers of cytochrome P450: | show 🗑
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| show | Inhibit drinking from a KEG or you'll be Acutely SICk
1. Ketoconazole
2. Erythromycin
3. Grapefruit juice
4. Acute alcohol
5. Sulfonamides
6. Isoniazide
7. Cimetidine
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| 1. What role do beer, red wine and cheese play in drug metabolism? 2. zero-order elimination 3. first order elimination | show 🗑
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| show | 1. 4-5 half lives
2. 50%
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| show | the partial agonist displaces the full agonist from the receptor and the response is reduced - the partial agonist is acting as an antagonist
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| Which kind of antagonism: 1. competitive antagonism for the same receptor 2. two agonist with opposing action (i.e. vasoconstrictor vs vasodilator) 3. interacts directly with drug to remove it or prevent it from binding target | show 🗑
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| How is therapeutic index calculated? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. decrease Vmax; no effect on Km
2. no effect on Vmax; ↑ Km (less affinity)
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| What is similar of all drugs with "phen" in the name? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Maximal effect a drug can produce
2. Amount of drug needed for a given effect (related to effective dose, ED50)
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| show | 1. N-acetylcysteine
2. NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine)
3. NH4Cl (acidify urine)
4. Physostigmine salicylate
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| show | 1. glucagon
2. Deferoamine
3. dimercaprol, CaEDTA
4. Nitrite, thiosulfate
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| Toxicity Antidotes: 1. Methemoglobin 2. Methanol 3. Opioids 4. Benzodiazepines | show 🗑
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| show | 1. NaHCO3 (Alkalinize urine)
2. Vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma
3. aminocaproic acid
4. β-blocker
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| show | 1. ↓ potency (↑ dose required for effect - same as ↑ Km)
2. ↓ efficacy (less max effect - Vmax)
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amichael87
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