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Micro ch10 Biotech Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
Gene probes
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2.
restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPS)
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3.
Reverse transcriptase
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4.
Denaturation
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5.
DNA polymerases
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6.
What is a recombinant?
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7.
Describe a useful medical product made by recombinant DNA technology.
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8.
Palindromes
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9.
What evolutionary advantage does a restriction enzyme confer on the bacterium that makes it?
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10.
Restriction fragments
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11.
Complementary DNA (cDNA)
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12.
Primers
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Genetics is considered what kind of science?
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14.
Briefly describe the Sanger method of sequencing DNA
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15.
Hybridize
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Southern blot method
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17.
What is a restriction enzyme?
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What is a clone?
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19.
Biochemical Products of Recombinant DNA Technology
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20.
Endonuclease naming
A.
DNA to be sequenced cut into large number of short fragments and separated; test strands denatured to expose single strands to act as templates for complementary strands; fragments divided into 4 separate tubes w/ fluorescent/radioactive primers indicatin
B.
basic science
C.
technique that separates fragments of DNA using electrophoresis and identifies them by hybridization
D.
synthetic oligonucleotides; landmarks for where DNA amplification should begin
E.
restriction fragments of differing lengths; allow direct comparison of the DNA of two different organisms at a specific site
F.
Human growth hormone, Insulin, Clotting factor VIII
G.
enzyme; converts RNA into DNA
H.
A recombinant organism is produced through the introduction of foreign genes that have been inserted into their genome purposefully. They could also be called transgenic or genetically modified.
I.
sequences of DNA that are identical when read from the 5’ to 3’ direction of one strand and the 5’ to 3’ direction on the other strand. (ex. eye, racecar)
J.
named by combining first letter of bacterial genus, first two letters of the species, and endonuclease number. EcoRI is the first endonuclease in E. coli and HindIII is the third nuclease in Haemophilus influenzae
K.
pieces of DNA produced by restriction endonucleases
L.
can be made from mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, et al. Provides valuable means of synthesizing eukaryotic genes from mRNA transcripts.
M.
A clone is an animal that is genetically the same as its parent. It shows no recombination and no variation.
N.
DNAs formed in first cycle become amplicons upon denaturization; heating target DNA to 94 degrees C to separate it into two strands; then system is cooled to between 50 and 65 depending on nucleotide sequence
O.
Recombinant human insulin; it was previously obtained from pigs.
P.
processing must be carried out at a high temperature to keep strands separated, so polymerases are isolated from thermophilic bacteria
Q.
clips polynucleotide strands crosswise at selected positions; can recognize/clip palindromes, recognize foreign DNA; can break phosphodiester bonds; originate in bacterial cells; used in labs to cleave the strand at desired sites
R.
uniting of two different nucleic acids at their complementary regions; different combos possible (single DNA with other single RNA or DNA, RNA with other RNA; allows for specially formulated oligonucleotide tracers (gene probes)
S.
oligonucleotide tracers; short stretch of DNA of a known sequence that will base-pair w/ stretch of DNA w/ complementary sequence; detects specific sequences in unknown samples; Reactions revealed by placing photographic film in contact w/ test reaction.
T.
Protection from foreign DNA (such as that from phages).
Type the Question that corresponds to the displayed Answer.
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21.
clips polynucleotide strands crosswise; originate in bacterial cells; Recognize foreign DNA & can break phosphodiester bonds b/t adjacent nucleotides on both strands; protects against incompatible DNA of bacteriophages/plasmids
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22.
produces readable pattern of DNA fragments; sample placed in soft agar gel, subjected to electric current; DNA phosphate grps give molecule neg charge, causes DNA to move toward pos pole in gel; Rate of movement depends on size of fragments (large = slow)
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23.
modified phage vector; missing large sections of its genome, so it can carry a large segment of foreign DNA
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Targeting mRNA; when binds to its particular mRNA the double-stranded RNA is inaccessible to the ribosome, resulting in loss of translation of that mRNA; the reading of that mRNA transcript on ribosomes will be blocked and the gene product will not be syn
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correct/repair a faulty gene in humans suffering from a fatal or debilitating disease.
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receiver of propagated gene from another organism; usually a plasmid or virus; it will insert the DNA into the cloning host.
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primers added in a concentration that favors binding to the complementary strand of test DNA; reaction prepares the two DNA strands now called amplicons for synthesis.
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28.
DNA polymerase and raw materials in the form of nucelotides are added
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genetic clones; have same parental DNA
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the short tails of severed DNA

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