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Bio Exam 4 Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
lac genes
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2.
The ________ is/are arranged sequentially after the promoter.
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3.
Carcinogens
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4.
Often called the molecular on switch
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5.
Second messengers
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6.
operons
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7.
LEARNING CATALYTICS Which of the following is true of cell signaling?
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8.
Targeted cancer therapy
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9.
translation - initiation
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10.
Translation
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11.
HDAC
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12.
Communication via extracellular signals involves 6 steps:
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13.
Lipid-soluble signals
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14.
Cell signaling
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15.
MPF
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16.
operator
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17.
"E" site in large ribosomal subunit
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18.
Epigenetic changes
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19.
What happens to expression of the lac genes when glucose levels are high? Why?
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20.
In the presence of a regulatory protein the lac operon is _____.
A.
Binds to regulatory sequence of DNA.
B.
1. Synthesis of signal 2. Release of signaling molecule outside the cell 3. Transport of signaling molecule to target cells 4. Detection of signal by receptor protein 5. Signal Processing & Cellular response to signal 6. Deactivation of signal
C.
when the bases of DNA are not changed but chemical modifications are added (methyl groups or acetyl groups) that alter gene expression
D.
a small molecule produced in a large amount by an enzyme being activated by the GTP bound subunit binding and activating it. (Signal transduction via G protein coupled receptors)
E.
type of signal can easily enter a cell and bind to its receptor within the cell processed directly ex. steroids The receptor is also the regulatory transcription factor.
F.
identifies defective cellular pathways and targets. Especially effective for tumors resulting from high mitogens (breast).
G.
Chemicals that cause high rates of DNA mutations affect cell cycle control genes.
H.
GTP It activate G proteins that activate the enzyme that generates second messengers that active transcription factors. It turns on signaling pathways
I.
not transcribed
J.
Gene clusters that contains genes that produce proteins that function together. All genes in the cluster are controlled by the same promoter.
K.
1. reception of a signaling molecule 2. transduction of the signal 3. response to the signal
L.
genes of an operon
M.
Mitosis promoting factor Activates all the proteins required for S phase for DNA replication. Caused by cyclin binding in cdk and removing the phosphate group, activating it.
N.
Informational transfer from mRNA to protein. Also called protein synthesis.
O.
Transcription of lac operon is drastically reduced. Glucose inhibits the lactose transport activity of galactoside permease.
P.
Histone Deacetylase Removes acetyl group from histone when DNA gets packed
Q.
It integrates information about the environment It activates transcription factors It requires receptor proteins It alters gene expression
R.
holds a tRNA that will exit
S.
produce the proteins needed for bacteria to utilize lactose (A transporter protein and an enzyme)
T.
mRNA binds to small subunit. tRNA binds to AUG codon. Large subunit binds to complete assembly.
Type the Answer that corresponds to the displayed Question.
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21.
A(n) ______ is a specific small molecule that binds to a bacterial repressor protein and changes its shape so that it cannot bind to an operator, thus switching an operon on.
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22.
LEARNING CATALYTICS What type of signaling molecule can bind intercellular receptors that then act as transcription factors?
Type the Question that corresponds to the displayed Answer.
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23.
Cells whose cell division is unregulated, creating a mass of cells.
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24.
Second tRNA binds to "A" site. Peptide bond forms between 1st and 2nd amino acids. tRNA that was in "P" site no longer has an attached amino acid and enters "E" (exit) site. New tRNA moves into "A" site. Repeats until reaches stop codon (termination).
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25.
There are hundreds of different types of cells in your body They look different because certain cells are turned on and turned off If pattern of which cells need to be turned on and off gets messed up, they theres a problem with cell differentiation.
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26.
One mechanism where cell cycle proteins can become defective change in base sequence (shape)
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27.
Look for DNA damage and stop the cell cycle if it is present.
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28.
The presence of a protein receptor for a particular signal determines which cells will respond to a particular signal. Ex: responds to estrogen only if it has estrogen receptor.
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29.
tRNA with release factor binds to "A" site. Protein is released. Ribosome subunits separate. mRNA is released.
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30.
signals act on the cells that synthesized the signal Ex. Growth factors

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