Physiology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | Inspiration; expiration
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| show | Atmospheric pressure
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| ____ ____ is the pressure exerted by the air (gases) surrounding the body? | show 🗑
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| show | 760 mmHg = 1 atm
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| show | Indicates that the pressure in that area is lower than the atmospheric pressure (Patm)
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| What is positive respiratory pressure? | show 🗑
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| show | Indicates that the pressure in that area is equal to the atmospheric pressure (Patm)
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| What is intrapulmonary pressure? | show 🗑
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| show | Intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul); atmospheric
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| show | The pressure in the pleural cavity
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| Intrapleural pressure (Pip) fluctuates with breathing phases, but is always about ___mmHg, less than ____ pressure? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | Pneumothorax, pleural effusion
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| Both pneumothorax and pleural effusion put pressure on the lung, causing it to ____? | show 🗑
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| Because of the ____, lungs always assume the smallest size possible? | show 🗑
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| show | Negative
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| What is transpulmonary pressure? | show 🗑
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| The ____ pressure keeps the air spaces of the lungs open or keeps the lungs from collapsing? | show 🗑
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| What is atelectasis? | show 🗑
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| show | Pulmonary
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| show |
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| show | Boyle
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| The (larger / smaller) the volume the lesser the pressure? | show 🗑
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| This is the ____ step of inspiration: Inspiratory muscles contract (diaphragm descends; rib cage rises)? | show 🗑
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| show | Second
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| This is the ____ step of inspiration: Lungs stretched; intrapulmonary volume increases? | show 🗑
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| This is the ____ step of inspiration: Intrapulmonary pressure drops (to -1mmHg)? | show 🗑
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| This is the ____ step of inspiration: Air (gases) flows into lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is 0 (equal to atmospheric pressure)? | show 🗑
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| show | First
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| show | Second
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| show | Third
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| show | Fourth
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| show | Fifth
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| What are the three physical factors that influence ventilation? | show 🗑
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| show | Friction; drag
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| Info: Airway resistance - The gas flowing into and out of the alveoli is directly proportional to the pressure gradient between the atmospheric pressure and the alveoli. | show 🗑
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| show | Diameter
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| Normally resistance is (significant / insignificant)? | show 🗑
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| What are two illness that increase airway resistance? | show 🗑
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| show | Surface tension
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| show | Reduce; smallest
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| ____ is a detergent-like complex, reduces surface tension and helps keep the alveoli from collapsing? | show 🗑
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| When too (much/little) surfactant is present, surface tension forces can collapes alveoli. Once this happens, the alveoli must be completely reinflated during each inspiration, an effort that uses tremendous amounts of energy. | show 🗑
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| Too little surfactant is a problem faced by newborns with ____ ____ ____ ____? | show 🗑
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| show | Lung compliance
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| show | Lung compliance
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| What are two factors that determine lung compliance? | show 🗑
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| show | High
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| Fibrosis (scarring) of lungs (increases/reduces) the distensibility of the lungs? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | Reduced
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| show | False - They do effect compliance
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| What is tidal volume - (TV)? | show 🗑
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| What is the tidal volume (TV) amount? | show 🗑
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| What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)? | show 🗑
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| show | 3000ml
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| show | Air that can be expired from the lungs after a tidal expriation
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| What is the expriratory reserve volume (ERV) amount? | show 🗑
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| What is residual volume (RV)? | show 🗑
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| show | 1200ml
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| What is inspiratory capacity (IC)? | show 🗑
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| show | Inspiratory capacity (IC)
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| What is functional residual capacity (FRC)? | show 🗑
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| What is the following formula: ___ = RV +ERV | show 🗑
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| ____ capacity - The total amount of exchangable air? | show 🗑
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| show | 4800 ml
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| show | Vital capacity (VC)
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| show | Total lung capacity (TLC)
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| show | 6000 ml
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| What is the following formula: ___ = VC + RV | show 🗑
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| show | Anatomical dead space (nasal cavity --- terminal bronchioles)
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| show | 150 ml
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| Out of ___ ml of TV only ___ ml are involved in alveolar ventilation? | show 🗑
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| show | Alveolar dead space
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| show | Total dead space
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| ____ - An instrument consisting of a hollow bell inverted over water? | show 🗑
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| What does a spirometer evaluate? | show 🗑
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| A spirometer can distinguish between what two disorders? | show 🗑
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| show | Minute ventilation - 500ml x 12 = 6L/min
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| ____ ____ capacity - Gas forcibly & rapidly expelled after taking a deep breath? | show 🗑
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| ____ ____ volume - The amount of gas expelled during 1 sec? | show 🗑
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| A healthy person can expel ___% of FVC in 1 sec? | show 🗑
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| ____ ____ rate - Is a better index of effective ventilation than minute ventilation (takes into account dead space)? | show 🗑
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| show | Alveolar ventilation rate - AVR
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| show | Increasing; increases
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| In what condition is FEV decreased? | show 🗑
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| ____ law of partial pressure - The total pressure excerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture? | show 🗑
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| show | Partial pressure
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| show | CO2 - 20 times more soluble than O2
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| show | Atmospheric is mostly O2 and nitrogen; Alveoli contains more CO2 and water vapor and less O2
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| show | Ventilation
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| show | Perfusion
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| (T/F) - Ventilation and perfusion must be matched for efficient gas exchange? | show 🗑
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| show | Hemoglobin
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| One molecule of hemoglobin can bind ___ molecules of oxygen? | show 🗑
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| show | Saturated
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| show | Saturation
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| The hemoglobin-oxygen combination is called ____ and is written as ____? | show 🗑
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| Hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called ____ ____ or ____ and is written as ____? | show 🗑
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| show | HHb + O2 (lungs-tissues) HbO2 + H+
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| show | PO2: 100 mmHg PCO2: 40 mmHg
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| What is venous PO2 and PCO2 amounts? | show 🗑
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| With PO2 100 mmHg - arterial blood is ___ % saturated? | show 🗑
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| show | PCO2, temp, H+ - They decrease hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen
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| How is CO2 transported in blood? | show 🗑
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| show | Heme group
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| show | Amino acids
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| show | Carbon monoxide
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| show | True
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| What is the function of carbonic acid bicarbonate in the blood? | show 🗑
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| How do buffers act - When the pH is going down? | show 🗑
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| How do buffers act - When the pH is going up? | show 🗑
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| show | Deep, rapid breathing - trying to flush out CO2
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| show | Shallow, slow breathing - trying to accumulate CO2
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| show | Medulla Oblongata
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| The (ventral/dorsal) respiratory group set the rhythm and drives respiration? | show 🗑
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| show | False - VRG
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| show | False - inspiratory
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| Of (CO2, O2, arterial pH), which is the most important in changing the reate and depth of breathing in a healthy person? | show 🗑
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| show | Low O2; Hypoxic drive
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| Sensors responding to chemical fluctuations are called ____? | show 🗑
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| show | Medulla in the brain stem
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| Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located? | show 🗑
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| Peripheral chemoreceptors are sensitive to which of the three stimuli? | show 🗑
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| show | High CO2
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| show | Hypercapnia
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| Hypercapnia results in (increased/decreased) depth & rate of breathing? | show 🗑
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| PCO2 is the (most/least) powerful stimulus for respiration? | show 🗑
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| ____ - Increased rate and depth of breathing, occurs in response to hypercapnia? | show 🗑
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| ____ - Slow and shallow breathing due to abnormally low PCO2 levels? | show 🗑
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| Substantial drops in arterial PO2 to ___ mmHg are needed before oxygen levels become a major stimulus to increase ventilation? Why? | show 🗑
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| People with emphysema and chronic bronchitis, CO2 is not removed and their chemoreceptors become unresponsive to ____? What is this called? | show 🗑
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| People that respond to hypoxic drive, what is their primary respiratory stimulus? | show 🗑
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| (T/F) - Hering-Breuer prevents lung over inflation? | show 🗑
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Created by:
kmking
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