Essential terms for STAAR-EOC Biology
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| primary succession | Begins in a place without any soil (Sides of volcanoes or bare rock). Starts with the arrival of living things such as lichens that do not need soil to survive
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| parasitism | symbiotic relationship where one species lives in or on another, harming it
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| commensalism | symbiotic relationship where one species lives off another; one benefits without harming or helping the other
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| mutualism | symbiotic relationship where both species benefit from the relationship
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| food chain | shows energy flowing from one organism to another in a line
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| food web | shows energy flowing in a network of organisms
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| food pyramid | model that shows the number or mass of individual at each trophic level
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| biomass | organic material that has stored chemical energy; the amount of living or once-living material in a given area
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| trophic level | feeding step in a food web
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| autotroph | make their own food (producers)
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| heterotroph | depend on others to make their food (consumers)
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| primary consumer “herbivore” | eat producers; eat plants
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| secondary consumer "carnivore" | eat primary consumers
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| tertiary consumers "carnivore" or "omnivore" | eat secondary consumers, primary consumers and/or producers
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| decomposer | gets nutrients from non-living or decaying organic matter
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| biomagnification | the concentration of harmful substances increases higher up in the food chain
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| 10% rule | only a small fraction of energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next, the rest used as energy, or lost as waste and heat
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| carrying capacity | largest number of organisms an environment can support
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| nitrogen fixation | converting nitrogen gas into a usable form plants can absorb
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| secondary succession | recovery from an event that reduces an established population . Occurs after a fire or natural disaster, but where soil is already present
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