terms-description
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| indentured servants | A person who traded their labor (set number of years) for freedom in order to come to America. The youunger they were the more years they would have to work.
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| French and Indian War | War fought between British and its two enimies around this time the Native Americans and French. The British won this war and gained the right to keep Canada, and several other possessions in the new world.
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| Trade and Navigation Acts | Restricted trade and business with the Dutch. As a result, it was hard for plant growers to make a profit, and lead some states to protest the act on behalf of the planters. Some states ignored the regulation, and traded with the Dutch anyway.
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| John Locke | English philosopher who believed that all people had rights that should never be taken away (life, liberty, and property). Insisted that the mind was not formed at birth, and that people learn from experience, and therefor have the opportunity to grow.
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| Mayflower Compact | an agreement among the Pilgrams to form such a civil government to prevent any type of anarchy. This important documnet was signed in 1620 a start to the Plymouth Colony. ( page 43 text) ( glossary G-7).
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| Iroquios Confederacy | An established association of five Northeastern Woodland tribes which included the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondagd, Cayuga, and the Seneca. The Tuscarora joined in 1722.The name Iroquios stands for The People of the Longhouse.
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| Roger Williams | One of the major challangers to the puritan orthodoxy in massachusetts. made his apperence in 1631 and immediately attracted a loyal body of folowers. (page text 47-51)
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| headright system | System of land didtribution in which settlers were granted a fifty-acre plot of land from the colonial government for each servent or dependent they transported into the new world. The system encouraged the recrutiment of a large servile labor force. (pag
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| Great Puritan Migration | A migration of english to Massachusetts and the West Indies from 1620-40 so they could practice religious freedoms
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| Salutary neglect | The idea that if tax laws weren't inforced on colonies their economy would flourish (unoffical British policy from 1607-1763
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| New England Confederation | an alliance that four colonies agreed upon in 1643 to protect each other from any enemies around them (French, Native Americans, Dutch, etc.) while they could all keep their own governments.
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| Albany Plan | idea for the colonies to unite under Britain with elected delegates, and how to deal with trade, Native Americans, etc. once they united, though it was rejected by colonial assemblies and Parliament.
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| Freedom of consciences | The belief that ones' thoughts and views are independent of others' ideas. Often connected with the freedom of thought, which is guaranteed in the First Amendment of the U.S. Bill of Rights. This includes the freedom to hold opinions without interference
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| James Oglethorpe | A British general and member of Parliament who proposed the creation of a colony south of Charles Town (South Carolina) that later became known today as Georgia. He is considered the founder of Georgia. His original use for the colony was as a refuge for
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| Jonathan Edwards | The most widely know theologian who wrote books such as The End For Which God Created the world, and the life of david Brainerd which served to inspire thousands of missionaries. Edwards later died from a Smallpox innoculation.
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| Halfway Covenant | A law in the church that allowed the children of baptized but not fully converted parents to be baptized and join the church. The Halfway Covenant did not allow these members to vote, hold office, or partake in the Lords Supper.
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| Salem Witch trials | hearings that happened between June and September of 1692 in which hundreds of men and women were tried for witchcraft and at least twenty of them were put to death and a lot more were found guilty and put in prison by the Puritans
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| city on a hill | an analogy that the Puritans used at the end of the Great Migration in Massachusetts that related their land to a 'beacon of righteousness' in the Old Testament.
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| William Penn | Englishman who founded Pennsylvania and wrote the Pennsylvania Frame of Government, some of which's democratic ideas were used in the U.S. Constitution many years later. He also created several treaties with Native Americans, and he did not force his Quak
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| proprietary/royal/charter colonies | a colony where the people living in that area were given grants to land and the power to govern it. The people who ruled the colonies were known as proprietors. A royal colony is a colony governed by officials sent by the king or ruler. A charter colon
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| Peter Zenger trial | the printer of a publication called The New York Weekly Journal, which strongly opposed the unpopular governor, William Cosby. In 1734 Zenger was accused of libel (at this time meaning he published writings opposing the government), at first Zenger's jury
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| King Philip's War | An armed war between the Native American inhabitatns of present-day New England and English colonists and their Native Americans in 1675-1676
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| George Whitefield | an preacher during the times of the First Great Awakening, in both Britain and America, who was self described as a Calvinist, but welcomed all Protestants.He also was an extraordinary speaker with audiences from all groups of American society. He was als
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| Great Awakening | a period of religious or spiritual revival. occurred in the American colonies from 1734-1750. It was led by Evangelical Protestant ministers who emphisized the individual experience of each person, instead of the words of their sermons.
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| Thomas Hobbes | English philosopher that argued man was inherantly equal, we need government for protection
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| mercantilism | the basic belief that a nation's wealth is based on the amount of gold and silver held within the country. To help withhold the gold and silver within the country many countries had more exports than imports, traded finished goods from their country for
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| Bacon's Rebellion | was led against William Berkeley by over a thousand Virginian citizens due to Berkeley's pro-Indian sentiments.
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| Harvard College | Founded in 1636, first college in English colonies
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| Middle Passage | the route slave traders used to get to the colonies. They traveled across the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa. The slave traders would pack as many Africans as they could in the ships so they would have enough to sell. Some would die on th
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| Phyllis Wheatly | the first published African American Poet. She wrote poems on various subjects, religion, and moral, with figures such as George Washington praising her work. Wheatley was emancipated by her owners after the death of her master. After, she soon married.
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| Puritans | a extreme group of people who protested the Church of England. John Calvin promotedtheir beleifs in his ideas and writings. They were seeking to bring the Church to purity and rid Catholicism. Their beliefs were very strict. These people read the Bible an
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| Pilgrims/Separatists | People who sepreated themselves from the established Church of England. They were humble English farmers.
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| House of Burgesses | Colonial Virgina's government system, first serious representative group in America. Set up in Jamestown in 1619. Each settlement sent representatives. The Virginia Company appointed the leaders.
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| Anne Hutchinson | a religious leader living in the Massachusetts bay. She often preached ideas that rivaled those of the english orthodox church and its leaders. These ideas invited religious anarchy, something that leaders feared. The ministers of the Massachusetts bay de
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| William Bradford | part of the Scrooby congregation who sailed to the New World to get religious freedom. He wrote the book Of Plymouth Plantation which acconts his life as a pilgrim. Bradford became the governor of the Plymouth colony and played an essential role in fighti
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