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| Northwest Passage | a non-existent water route through the Americas to Asia
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| Catholics | look to the pope for guidance
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| Protestants | look to the bible for guidance
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| conquistadors | fought for gold and the Catholic church
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| Protestant reformation | religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
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| Protestant nations | Germany, Great Britain
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| Catholic nations | Spain, Portugal, France, Italy
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| North America | mostly protestant
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| Marc Polo | Italian who traveled to China in AD 1271. His book about his travels caused Europeans to become interested in Asia
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| classical | anything referring to ancient Greece or Rome
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| technology | the practical use of science
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| Rennaissance | occurred in AD 1400. word means rebirth.
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| Rennaissance | refers to recovery of ancient Greek and Roman learning
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| astrolabe | instrument used for measuring stars (Astronomy, Navigation)
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| caravel | light fast, sailing ship invented by Portugal
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| pilgrimage | journey made for a specific purpose, religious journey
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| mosque | a Muslim house of worship
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| Printing press | Invented in 1450. helped knowledge to spread faster in Europe
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| Vasco da Gama | commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India by way of Africa
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| Christopher Columbus | Italian explorer and navigator who discovered America in 1492.
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| King Ferdinand and Isabella | Spanish rulers who sponsored Columbus
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| Prince Henry | He gathered astronomers, geographers, and mathematicians to share information with sailors
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| line of demarcation | divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal
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| Magellan | Portuguese explorer who led part of the first expedition around the world
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| Strait of Magellan | located at tip of South America between the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans
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| circumnavigate | refers to sailing all the way around the Earth.
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| Pizarro | conquers Peru for Spain.
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| Atahualpa | Inca ruler conquered by Pizarro
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| Spain's advantages | guns, horses, huge dogs, disease, divided Indian kingdoms
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| Cortes | he conquered the Aztecs of Mexico for Spain
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| Montezuma | Aztec king defeated by Cortes
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| conquistador | Spanish conquerors of the New World
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| New World | a historic reference to Americas both North and South
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| Columbian exchange | 1.from Europe: horses, cattle, pigs, chickens,disease
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| Columbian exchange | from New World: corn, beans ,squash, potatoes, chocolate
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| Latin America | mostly Catholic
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| Protestant reformation | started by German Catholic priest Martin Luther
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| mercantilism | theory that a nation's power depends and its wealth in gold or silver
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| Protestant criticisms of Catholic church | 1. rejected Catholic practices not found in Bible 2. salvation by faith instead of salvation by good works
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