Microbiology final exam questions/answers
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| Capsule | consist of a surface polysaccharide layer (smooth bacteria)
prevent ingestion by phagocytic cells in pathogenic bacteria
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| Horizontal Gene transfer: | Transformation
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| Which of the following structures contains genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance? | Plasmid
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| Which of the following is the most important structure related to microbial attachment to cells? | Glycocalix
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| Which of the following is not a gram-negative bug? | Clostridium perfringens
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| Which of the following is not true related to endotoxins? | Endotoxins are secreted from cells.
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| Which of the following microorganisms stain well? | Escherichia coli
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis - | Lowenstein-Jensen agar
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| Haemophilus influenzae – | Chocolate agar
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| Fungi - | Sabourand's agar
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| Neisseria gonorrhoeae – | ?
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| Cellulitis – | Pasteurella multocida
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| Tularemia – | Francisella tularensis
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| Gastritis – | Heliobacter pylori
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| Lyme disease – | Borrelia burgdorferi
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| Syphilis- | Treponema pallidum
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| Lyme disease | Borrelia burgdorferi
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| ? | Yersinia enterocolitica
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| Which of the following is true concerning Staphylococcus aureus? | is related to inflammation.
can cause pneumonia
can lead to acute bacterial endocarditis
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| Which of the following signs and symptoms is linked to Haemophilus influenzae? | Otitis media
Pneumonia
Epiglottis
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| The Tsetse fly is a transmission factor for which of the following organisms? | Trypanosoma gambiense
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| The Ixodes tick is a transmission factor for which of the following organisms? | Babesia
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| Chagas' disease is commonly treated with Nifurtimox and is linked to the ____ microorganism | Trypanosoma cruzi
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| Which of the following is fungal related? | Cryptococcus neoformans
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| Which of the following is a DNA virus? | Adenovirus
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| The Tzanck test is used on which of the following viruses? | VZV
HSV-2
HSV-1
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| Which of the following microorganisms has been linked to UTI's? | E. coli
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella
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| Vibrio cholerae | Gram-
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| Escherichia coli | Gram-
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| Bordetella pertussis | Gram-
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| Clostridium perfringens | Gram+
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| Which of the following microorganisms stain well? | Escherichia coli
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| Tyle I Hypersensitivity | Hay fever, bee sting, IgE - immediate can cause anaphylatic shock
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| TypeII Hypersensitivity | Drug reactions, cross placenta barrier, blood transfusion, IgG - hours
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| Type III Hypersensitivity | Systemic lupus, erythematosis, immune complex, IgG - hours
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| Type IV Hypersensitivity | Poision ivy, tuberculin test, Thi inflammatory response, cell-mediated, delayed can be several days.
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| Peptidoglycan | cross-linked peptides- maintains cell shape
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| Pili | straight projections composed of pilin - adherence to surfaces, exchange of DNA via conjugation
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| Flagella | hook and motor, purpose is motility
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| Leukocytosis | Increase in WBC
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| Endotoxin released when microbe damaged or lysed most common: | Gram- Lipid A
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| Lipid A can cause: | Hemorrhaging and Cardiovascular shock
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| Basophils and mast cells due what: | stimulate inflammation
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| iodoxuridine used to treat: | hepatic keratis
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| Algae are classified as: | eukaryotes
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| Protozoans are classified as: | eukaryotes
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| yeasts are classified as: | eukaryotes
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| archaeobacteria are classified as: | prokaryotes
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| Endotoxins are only produced by: | Gram- bacteria
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| Archaeobacteria are classified as prokaryotes because: | They lack a nucleus
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| The Gram stain does what: | it stains separate parts of cell differently. used to distinguish between gram positive and gram negative
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| The lipid stain does what: | Allows viewing of the structures within the cells. Does not separate bacteria into groups
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| The negative stain does what: | Used to show clear bacteria on a dark background.
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| Spore formation in bacteria is limited to almost exclusively members of: | Bacillus and Clostridium
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| Bacteria does not produce spores: | Envinia genus, Pseudomonas genus, Salmonella genus
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| Euglena gracillis is considered: | autotrophic- uses its photosynthetic pigments to synthesize its own food materials
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| Heterotrophic organis use what: | organic matter for food
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| autotrophic organism use what: | photosynthetic own food
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| Saprophytic organisms use: | nonliving preformed organic matter
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| A barrier placed between donor and recipient cell will stopL | conjugation- requires cell to cell contact and would be blocked by the barrier.
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| What can be determined by the one step growth curve exhibited by the lytic bacteriophage? | The curve indicates the number of phage particles.
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| Ensures sterilization due to its high sporicidal activity: | Prssurized steam- penetrates tough bacterial sportes and destroys them quickly.
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| How does moist heat kill bacteria: | Small temperature increases lead to denaturation of some proteins.
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| Common microorganism in human intestines: | Escherichia coli- part of normal flora in human intestines
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| Staphylococcus aureus: | Commonly located in the nose and on the skin.
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| Vibrio cholerae: | Pathogen and agent of cholera
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| high titers of IgM indicate: | Typical primary response to an antigen
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| Why is Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to destruction by phagocytosis: | Capsule:
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| Streptococcus pneumonaie is gram? | Gram+
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| Endotoxinx are only produced by Gram? | Gram- bacteria
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| Cholera death most often caused by: | Loss of fluid and electrolytes
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| coliform in drinking water indicate? | presence of human waste in the water
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| Microorganism used to produce antibiotics should exhibit: | excrete/presencer of Secondary metabolites
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| acedic acid in wine occurs when: | exposed to air. acid-forming bacteria use the oxygen to convert the ethanol in wine to acetic acid.
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| Bacteria is a: | prokaryote
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