| Question | Answer |
| Capsule | consist of a surface polysaccharide layer (smooth bacteria)
prevent ingestion by phagocytic cells in pathogenic bacteria |
| Horizontal Gene transfer: | Transformation |
| Which of the following structures contains genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance? | Plasmid |
| Which of the following is the most important structure related to microbial attachment to cells? | Glycocalix |
| Which of the following is not a gram-negative bug? | Clostridium perfringens |
| Which of the following is not true related to endotoxins? | Endotoxins are secreted from cells. |
| Which of the following microorganisms stain well? | Escherichia coli |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis - | Lowenstein-Jensen agar |
| Haemophilus influenzae – | Chocolate agar |
| Fungi - | Sabourand's agar |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae – | ? |
| Cellulitis – | Pasteurella multocida |
| Tularemia – | Francisella tularensis |
| Gastritis – | Heliobacter pylori |
| Lyme disease – | Borrelia burgdorferi |
| Syphilis- | Treponema pallidum |
| Lyme disease | Borrelia burgdorferi |
| ? | Yersinia enterocolitica |
| Which of the following is true concerning Staphylococcus aureus? | is related to inflammation.
can cause pneumonia
can lead to acute bacterial endocarditis |
| Which of the following signs and symptoms is linked to Haemophilus influenzae? | Otitis media
Pneumonia
Epiglottis |
| The Tsetse fly is a transmission factor for which of the following organisms? | Trypanosoma gambiense |
| The Ixodes tick is a transmission factor for which of the following organisms? | Babesia |
| Chagas' disease is commonly treated with Nifurtimox and is linked to the ____ microorganism | Trypanosoma cruzi |
| Which of the following is fungal related? | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| Which of the following is a DNA virus? | Adenovirus |
| The Tzanck test is used on which of the following viruses? | VZV
HSV-2
HSV-1 |
| Which of the following microorganisms has been linked to UTI's? | E. coli
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella |
| Vibrio cholerae | Gram- |
| Escherichia coli | Gram- |
| Bordetella pertussis | Gram- |
| Clostridium perfringens | Gram+ |
| Which of the following microorganisms stain well? | Escherichia coli |
| Tyle I Hypersensitivity | Hay fever, bee sting, IgE - immediate can cause anaphylatic shock |
| TypeII Hypersensitivity | Drug reactions, cross placenta barrier, blood transfusion, IgG - hours |
| Type III Hypersensitivity | Systemic lupus, erythematosis, immune complex, IgG - hours |
| Type IV Hypersensitivity | Poision ivy, tuberculin test, Thi inflammatory response, cell-mediated, delayed can be several days. |
| Peptidoglycan | cross-linked peptides- maintains cell shape |
| Pili | straight projections composed of pilin - adherence to surfaces, exchange of DNA via conjugation |
| Flagella | hook and motor, purpose is motility |
| Leukocytosis | Increase in WBC |
| Endotoxin released when microbe damaged or lysed most common: | Gram- Lipid A |
| Lipid A can cause: | Hemorrhaging and Cardiovascular shock |
| Basophils and mast cells due what: | stimulate inflammation |
| iodoxuridine used to treat: | hepatic keratis |
| Algae are classified as: | eukaryotes |
| Protozoans are classified as: | eukaryotes |
| yeasts are classified as: | eukaryotes |
| archaeobacteria are classified as: | prokaryotes |
| Endotoxins are only produced by: | Gram- bacteria |
| Archaeobacteria are classified as prokaryotes because: | They lack a nucleus |
| The Gram stain does what: | it stains separate parts of cell differently. used to distinguish between gram positive and gram negative |
| The lipid stain does what: | Allows viewing of the structures within the cells. Does not separate bacteria into groups |
| The negative stain does what: | Used to show clear bacteria on a dark background. |
| Spore formation in bacteria is limited to almost exclusively members of: | Bacillus and Clostridium |
| Bacteria does not produce spores: | Envinia genus, Pseudomonas genus, Salmonella genus |
| Euglena gracillis is considered: | autotrophic- uses its photosynthetic pigments to synthesize its own food materials |
| Heterotrophic organis use what: | organic matter for food |
| autotrophic organism use what: | photosynthetic own food |
| Saprophytic organisms use: | nonliving preformed organic matter |
| A barrier placed between donor and recipient cell will stopL | conjugation- requires cell to cell contact and would be blocked by the barrier. |
| What can be determined by the one step growth curve exhibited by the lytic bacteriophage? | The curve indicates the number of phage particles. |
| Ensures sterilization due to its high sporicidal activity: | Prssurized steam- penetrates tough bacterial sportes and destroys them quickly. |
| How does moist heat kill bacteria: | Small temperature increases lead to denaturation of some proteins. |
| Common microorganism in human intestines: | Escherichia coli- part of normal flora in human intestines |
| Staphylococcus aureus: | Commonly located in the nose and on the skin. |
| Vibrio cholerae: | Pathogen and agent of cholera |
| high titers of IgM indicate: | Typical primary response to an antigen |
| Why is Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to destruction by phagocytosis: | Capsule: |
| Streptococcus pneumonaie is gram? | Gram+ |
| Endotoxinx are only produced by Gram? | Gram- bacteria |
| Cholera death most often caused by: | Loss of fluid and electrolytes |
| coliform in drinking water indicate? | presence of human waste in the water |
| Microorganism used to produce antibiotics should exhibit: | excrete/presencer of Secondary metabolites |
| acedic acid in wine occurs when: | exposed to air. acid-forming bacteria use the oxygen to convert the ethanol in wine to acetic acid. |
| Bacteria is a: | prokaryote |
