terms
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| 80 conductor IDE cable | an ide cable that has 40 pins but uses 80 wires,40 of which are ground wires designed to reduce crosstalk on the cable
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| active partition | the primary partition on the hard drive that boots the os
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| american national standards institute | a nonprofit organization dedicated to creating trade and communication standards
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| advanced technology attachment packet interface | atapi
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| autodetection | a feature of system bios and hard drives that automatically identifies and configures a new drive in bios setup
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| basic disk | a way to partition a hard drive,used by all versions of windows,that stores information about the drive in a partition table at the beginning of the drive
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| blockmode | a method of data transfer between hard drive and memory that allows multiple data transfers on a single software interrupt
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| boot record | the first sector of a floppy disk or hard drive volume, it contains information about the disk or volume
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| boot sector | boot record
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| cluster | one or more sectos that constitute the smallest unit of space on a disk for storing data.also known as a file allocation unit
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| direct memory access transfer mode | used by devices to transfer data to the memory without involving the cpu
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| drive image | an exact duplicate of a hard drive stored on another media such as a cd or a dvd
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| extended partition | more then one logical drive
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| external sata | a standard for external drives based on sata that uses a special external shielded sata cable up to 2 meters long.esata is up to six times faster then usb or firewire
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| fat12 | the 12 bit wide,one column file allocation table for a floppy disk,containing information about how each cluster or file allocation unit on the disk is currently used.
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| fault tolerance | the degree to which a system can tolerate failures.
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| file allocation table | a table on the hard drive or floppy disk used by the fat file system that tracks the clusters used to contain a file
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| file system | the overrall structure that an os uses to name,store,and organize files on a disk
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| floppy disk drive | a drive that can hold either a 5 1/2 or 3 1/4 inch floppy disk
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| formatting | preparing a hard drive volume,logical drive, or floppy disk for use by placing tracks and sectors on its surface to store information
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| hard disk drive | device for storing and retrieving digital information, primarily computer data.
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| hard drive | the main secondary storage device of a pc
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| head | the top or bottom surface of one platter on a hard drive.each platter has two heads
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| high level formatting | formatting performed by the windows program,windows installation progam,or the disk management utlity
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| host adapter | the circuit board that controls a scsi bus supporting as many as seven or fifteen seperate devices
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| hot plugging | plugging in a device while the computer is turned on
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| hot swapping | hot plugging
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| hybrid hard drives | a hard drive that uses both magnetic and ssd technologies
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| integrated device electronics | a hard drive whoses disk controller is integrated into the drive,eliminating the need for a controller cable and thus increasing speed as well as reducing price
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| logical unit number | a number assigned to a logical device,such as a tray in a cd changer,that is part of a physical scsi device,which is assigned a scsi id.
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| logical drives | a portion or all of a hard drive extended partition that is treated by the operating system as though it were a physical drive
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| low level formatting | a process,usually performed by the factory,that electronically creates the hard drive tracks and sectors and tests for bad spots on the disk surface
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| magnetic hard drive | one of two technologies used by hard drives where data is stored as magnetic spots on disks that rotate at a high speed
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| mirror volume | the term used by windows for the raid level 1 that duplicats data on one drive to another drive and is used for fault tolerance
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| new technology file system | ntfs
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| operating system formatting | high level formatting
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| parallel ata | an older ide cabling method that uses a 40 pin flat or round data cable or an 80 conductor cable and a 40 pin ide connector
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| programmed input output transfer mode | The data transfer mode used by earlier IDE drives. These modes used the CPU's registers for data transfer in contrast with DMA, which transfers directly between main memory and the peripheral device.
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| primary partition | a hard disk partition that can contain only one volume.contains a volume system
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| redundant array of inexpensive disks raid | raid
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| raid 0 | using space from two or more physical diska to increase the disk space available for a single volume.
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| raid 1 | a type of drive imaging that duplicates data on one drive to another drive and is used for fault tolerance
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| raid 5 | a technique that stripes data across three or more drives and uses parity checking,so if one drive fails,the other drive can recreate the data stored on the failed drive
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| raid -5 volumes | raid 5
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| read/write head | a sealed,magnetic coil device that moves across the surface of a disk eith reading data from or writing dat to the disk
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| ready drive | the vista technology that supports a hybrid hard drive
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| scsi id | a number from 0 to 15 assigned to each scsi device attached to the daisy chain
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| scsi host adapter card | a card that manages the scsi bus and serves as the gateway to the system bus
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| serial ata | an atapi cabling method that uses a narrower and more reliable then the 80 conductor cable
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| serial ata cable | an ide cable that is narrower and has fewer pins than the parallel ide 80 conductor cable
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| serial attached scsi sas | a scsi standard that allows for more then 15 devices on a single scsi chain.
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| simple volume | a type of dynamic volume used on a single hard drive that corresponds to a primary partition on a hard disk
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| self monitoring analysis and reporting technology | s.m.a.r.t.
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| solid state device | an electronic device with no moving parts
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| solid state drive | a hard drive that has no moving parts
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| spanning | using a spanned volume to increase the size of a volume
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| stripped volume | a type of dynamic hard drive used for two or more hard drives that writes to the disks evenly rather that filling up allotted space on one and the moving on to the next
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| terminating resistor | the resistor added at the end of a SCSI chain to dampen the voltage at the end of the chain
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| volume | a primary partition that has been assigned a drive letter and can be formatted with a file system such as ntfs
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| solid state drive | a storage device that uses memory chips to store data instead of spinning disks
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| solid state drive | jump drives, flash memory cards
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| scsi | small computer system interface
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| host adapter | control communication betwen the scsi bus and the pc
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| scsi | a fast interface between a host adapter and the cpu that can daisy chain as many as 7 or 15 devices on a single bus
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| atapi | an interface standard that allows tape drives ,optical drives,and other drives to be treated like an ide hard drive by the system
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| direct memory access dma | a number identifying a channel whereby a device can pass data to memory without involving the cpu.shortcut for data to move from device to memory
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| high level formatting | process creates the boot record,file system,and root directory on the volume or logical drive and makes the volume or drive bootable
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| hot plugging | the computer will sense the plugged in device and configure it without rebooting it
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| ntfs | the file system for the windows 2000/xp/vista operating system
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| ntfs | cannot be accessed by other operating systems such as dos or windows me.
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| ntfs | provides increased reliability and security in comparison to other methods of organizing and accessing file systems
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| raid | several methods of configuring multiple hard drives to store data to increase logical volume size and improve performance
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| raid | ensures if one hard drive fails that the data is still available on another hard drive
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| raid 5 | drives increase performance and provide fault tolerance
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| s.m.a.r.t. | a system bios and hard drive feature that monitors hard disk performance,disk spin up time,temperature,distance between the head and the disk
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| s.m.a.r.t. | feature that tries to predict when the drive will fail based on a number of factors
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| hard disk drive | consists of one or more rigid (hence "hard") rapidly rotating discs (platters) coated with magnetic material, and with magnetic heads arranged to write data to the surfaces and read it from them.
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| enhanced ide | broke the 528 Meg barrier, it also provided support for up to four EIDE devices.
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| enhanced ide | These devices could be physical hard drives or devices like CDROM drives, high capacity removable media and Tape Backup drives. The four drive capability is provided by having Primary and Secondary IDE channels, each with a Master and a Slave device.
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| cocentric cicles | tracks
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| byte segments in a sector | 512
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| responsible for writing and reading data to tracks and sectors | firmware on a circuit board
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| logical block addressing | all the sectors on the hard drive no matter where they are located
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| basic disk | single hard drive that works independently of other hard drives
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| active partition | bootable
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| active partition | primary
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| logical drive | assigned a letter
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| low level formatting | factory sets the tracks,sectors,ground work for pc
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| ntfs fat32 | types of file systems
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| extended partition | dynamic disk
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| three current methods used by internal hard drives | parallel ata,serial ata,scsi
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| ata interface standards | define how hard drives and other drives cd,dvd,..interact with computer system
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| three types of ata interface standard | pata sata scsi
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| technical committee t13 | developed the ata interface standards
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| red stripe | pin 1
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| types of pata data cables | dma and pio and independent device timing
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| forty wires for communication and data and forty to reduce crosstalk | 80 conductor ide cable
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| ultra dma | data is transferred twice for each clock beat
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| independent device timing | both devices run at the same speed
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| parallel data path | run next to each other
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| serial data path | one after another
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| scsi | system bus to peripheral communication
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| scsi | 7 to 15
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| embedded scsi | on the motherboard
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| host adapter scsi |
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| two external scsi devices | embedded and host adapter
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| scsi id | identifies the physical device that can have several logical devices embedded in it
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| three main revisions of scsi | regular ,fast,ultra
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| fibre channel | can connect up to 126 devices on one bus
have to have more then five hard drives strung together to make it work
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| raid 5 | increases performance and provides fault tolerance
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| spindle speed | revolutions per minute,actual spinning speed of the hard drive,faster you get the data
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| buffers | improve hard drive performance
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| raid 5 | requires three hard drives
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| 80 ide conductor cables are color coded | gray black blue
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| possible configurations for eide devices in a system | four
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| san | network that has the primary purpose of providing large amounts of data storage
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