Bio 110 Exam 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | element
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| Ion | show 🗑
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| show | complete transfer of electrons from one ion to another
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| show | Cations lose electrons, anions gain electrons
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| What do ionic bonds tend to form? | show 🗑
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| Covalent bonds | show 🗑
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| Nonpolar vs. polar | show 🗑
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| What determines bond polarity | show 🗑
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| show | How much of a grip the atom has on the electron
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| If the difference between elements is ____________, the bond is polar covalent | show 🗑
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| show | H<C<N<O
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| show | R-OH
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| R-C=O | show 🗑
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| Carboxyl | show 🗑
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| R-C-N-H2 | show 🗑
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| Phosphate | show 🗑
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| show | reactant, means of transport, solvent, temperature buffer
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| show | H can be attracted to a more electronegative atom
*Between molecules, not within
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| Which is stronger, a hydrogen bond or covalent bond? | show 🗑
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| Bronsted-Lowry acid-base definition | show 🗑
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| show | pH = -log[H+]
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| show | Oxidation: the loss of electrons;
Reduction: the gain of electrons
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| show | monomers
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| show | Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
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| show | H-monomer-OH -- H-monomer-OH
H2O is a product
dimer: H-monomer-monomer-H
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| show | H-monomer-OH
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| Define hydrolysis | show 🗑
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| What are the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates? | show 🗑
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| show | Unbranched, linear chain of glucose held together through beta 1-4 linkage
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| show | Gives shape and structure to plant cells
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| show | Partially branched glucose chain held together with alpha 1-4 bonds
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| What is the function of starch? | show 🗑
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| Can the human digestive system break down alpha-1-4 bonds, beta-1-4 bonds, or both? | show 🗑
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| What is the structure of glycogen? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of glycogen? | show 🗑
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| What are the monomers and polymers of proteins? | show 🗑
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| What are five functions of proteins | show 🗑
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| What is the amino acid structure? | show 🗑
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| show | Monomers: nucleotides
Polymers: DNA/RNA
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| DNA vs. RNA | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Ribose sugar
2. Phosphate
3. Nitrogenous base
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| What's the structure of RNA? | show 🗑
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| What's the structure of DNA? | show 🗑
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| What are the two types of lips? | show 🗑
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| What is the structure and function of triglycerides? | show 🗑
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| show | Long CH2 chain with a carboxylic acid at the end
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| show | Saturated: straight chains of single C-C bonds (solid fats)
Unsaturated: kinked chains of double C=C bonds (liquid oils)
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| show | 2 fatty acids attached to a glycerol and phosphate group; Polar hydrophilic heads and nonpolar hydrophobic tails
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| show | Phospholipid bilayer;
Micelle
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| show | Basis for biological membranes and membrane transport
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| show | 1. Complexity and organization
2. Respond to environment (homeostasis)
3. Growth and metabolism
4. Reproduction/heredity
5. Evolve... as groups
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| show | All living things made of cells; all cells come from pre-existing cells
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| show | 0.01mm - 0.1mm diameter
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| What is the size of cells limited by? | show 🗑
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| show | Prokaryotic: lacks compartment for nuculeus
Eukaryotic: distinct membrane bound nucleus
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| What are the two types of prokaryotic cells? | show 🗑
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| show | peptidoglycan
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| show | 1. Adhesive
2. Aids in movement
3. Encase; made of sugar
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| show | Ribosomes, cytoplasm, nucleoid(no membrane), plasma membrane
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| What types of eukaryotic cells are there? | show 🗑
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| *Study fig 4.6/4.7 animal and plant cells | show 🗑
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| What is the structure and function of the nucleus | show 🗑
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| show | Protein synthesis; Not membrane bound
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| What is the endomembrane system? | show 🗑
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| Describe the structure of the ER | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the smooth ER | show 🗑
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| show | Protein manufacturing and exportation
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| show | Series of folded flattened sacs; lipid bilayer boundary; nonpolar cis face: receives vesicles from ER/ polar trans face: sends vesicles away from Golgi
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| What is the function of the golgi apparatus | show 🗑
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| Exo vs. Endo cytosis Describe and explain how is the size effected by each? | show 🗑
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| What is the purpose of lysosomes | show 🗑
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| show | Primary: made by Golgi with digestive enzymes optimized at acidic pH
Secondary: fuse with incoming material
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| show | Outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner folded membrane(crista), soluble liquid central matrix
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| Where do mitochondria come from and what is its function | show 🗑
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| show | cell wall, plastids(chloroplasts), vacuoles
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| show | single disk; stack of thylakoids; liquid, soluble material around grana
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| show | Storage
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| What are peroxisomes | show 🗑
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| What organelle functions specifically to provide internal support | show 🗑
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| What is found outside the cell in many tissues anEtra | show 🗑
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| show | Peripheral: associated with the surface of membrane
integral: included within membrane
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| Place in order of decreasing membrane permeability strength: urea, glucose, oxygen | show 🗑
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| show | Has hydrophobic and hydrophillic regions; phospholipids
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| On the Golgi Aparatus, what is the direction of the cis and trans face? | show 🗑
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| show | Increases; decreases; decreases
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| When solutes are added to a solute/water mixture, water potential __________. | show 🗑
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