LBI UA/Body Fluids Exam # 1
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| The functional unit of the kidney is: | The Nephron
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| What substances are not filtered by the glomerulus? | Blood cells and plasma proteins
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| Define renal threshold: | Plasma concentration at which active transport stops and a substance is excreted in the urine
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| What is the clearance test formula? | Urine Concentration X Urine Volume/Plasma Concentration
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| Osmolarity is the measurement of: | the number of dissolved particles in a solution
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| What are the primary constituents of urine? | 95% water, urea (9.3 g/l), chloride (1.87 g/l), sodium (1.17 g/l), potassium (0.750 g/l), creatinine (0.670 g/l), with lesser amounts of other ions and compounds
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| Describe this terms concerning urine formation: oliguria, anuria, nocturia, and polyuira | Oliguria: a decrease in unine output (<400 mL/day)
Anuria: cessation of urine flow
Nocturia: increased nighttime urination
Polyuria: increased daily urine volume (>2.5 L/day)
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| Normal daily urine output ranges from: | 600-2000 mL/day (Average: 1200-1500 mL/day)
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| What is the most routine used method of urine preservation? | Refrigeration at 2C to 8C
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| What type of specimen is used for both routine urinalysis and bacterial culture? | Midstream "clean-catch"
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| What is the one of the disadvantages of refrigerating a urine specimen? | Precipitation of amorphous phosphates and urates
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| What type of urine collection is used to produce quantitative results? | 24-Hour Specimen
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| Which analytes are increased in unpreserved urine? | Odor, pH, Nitrite, and Bacteria
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| Which analytes are decreased in unpreserved urine? | Clarity, Glucose, Ketones, Bilirubin, Urobilinogen, and Cellular sediments
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| What causes the normal yellow color of urine? | Urochrome pigment
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| Which pigment attaches to urates producing a precipitate described as "brick dust"? | Uroerythrin
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| Which chemical causes urine to have a yellow foam when shaken? | Bilirubin
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| Which substance, when present in urine, produces a dark red or "port wine" color? | Porphyrins
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| What causes red urine? | RBCs, hemoglobin, and myoglobin
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| Nonpathologic causes of urine turbidity include: | Squamous epithelial cells, Mucus, Amorphous, and Powders
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| Pathologlic causes of urine turbidity include: | RBCs, WBCs, Organisms, RTE, and Crystals
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| Specific gravity of urine measures: | The density of the dissollved chemicals in a specimen
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| A comparison of the velocity of light in air with the velocity of light is a solution is: | Refractive index
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| Describe these terms related to specific gravity: Isothenuric, Hypothenuric, and Hyperthenuric | Isothenuric: Specific gravity = 1.010
Hyposthenuric: Specific gravity < 1.010
Hypersthenuric: Specific gravity > 1.010
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| Normal urine specific gravity is: | 1.003 to 1.035
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| What disease is associated with a fruity urine odor? | Diabetes Mellitus
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| What would cause a urine specimen to develop an ammonia-like odor? | Bacterial contamination (stale) and infection
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Created by:
mbashley
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