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Urinalysis Exam 1
LBI UA/Body Fluids Exam # 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The functional unit of the kidney is: | The Nephron |
| What substances are not filtered by the glomerulus? | Blood cells and plasma proteins |
| Define renal threshold: | Plasma concentration at which active transport stops and a substance is excreted in the urine |
| What is the clearance test formula? | Urine Concentration X Urine Volume/Plasma Concentration |
| Osmolarity is the measurement of: | the number of dissolved particles in a solution |
| What are the primary constituents of urine? | 95% water, urea (9.3 g/l), chloride (1.87 g/l), sodium (1.17 g/l), potassium (0.750 g/l), creatinine (0.670 g/l), with lesser amounts of other ions and compounds |
| Describe this terms concerning urine formation: oliguria, anuria, nocturia, and polyuira | Oliguria: a decrease in unine output (<400 mL/day) Anuria: cessation of urine flow Nocturia: increased nighttime urination Polyuria: increased daily urine volume (>2.5 L/day) |
| Normal daily urine output ranges from: | 600-2000 mL/day (Average: 1200-1500 mL/day) |
| What is the most routine used method of urine preservation? | Refrigeration at 2C to 8C |
| What type of specimen is used for both routine urinalysis and bacterial culture? | Midstream "clean-catch" |
| What is the one of the disadvantages of refrigerating a urine specimen? | Precipitation of amorphous phosphates and urates |
| What type of urine collection is used to produce quantitative results? | 24-Hour Specimen |
| Which analytes are increased in unpreserved urine? | Odor, pH, Nitrite, and Bacteria |
| Which analytes are decreased in unpreserved urine? | Clarity, Glucose, Ketones, Bilirubin, Urobilinogen, and Cellular sediments |
| What causes the normal yellow color of urine? | Urochrome pigment |
| Which pigment attaches to urates producing a precipitate described as "brick dust"? | Uroerythrin |
| Which chemical causes urine to have a yellow foam when shaken? | Bilirubin |
| Which substance, when present in urine, produces a dark red or "port wine" color? | Porphyrins |
| What causes red urine? | RBCs, hemoglobin, and myoglobin |
| Nonpathologic causes of urine turbidity include: | Squamous epithelial cells, Mucus, Amorphous, and Powders |
| Pathologlic causes of urine turbidity include: | RBCs, WBCs, Organisms, RTE, and Crystals |
| Specific gravity of urine measures: | The density of the dissollved chemicals in a specimen |
| A comparison of the velocity of light in air with the velocity of light is a solution is: | Refractive index |
| Describe these terms related to specific gravity: Isothenuric, Hypothenuric, and Hyperthenuric | Isothenuric: Specific gravity = 1.010 Hyposthenuric: Specific gravity < 1.010 Hypersthenuric: Specific gravity > 1.010 |
| Normal urine specific gravity is: | 1.003 to 1.035 |
| What disease is associated with a fruity urine odor? | Diabetes Mellitus |
| What would cause a urine specimen to develop an ammonia-like odor? | Bacterial contamination (stale) and infection |
Created by:
mbashley
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