World Music (SP12)-Japan
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| Four main islands | 1. Honishu
2. Kyushu
3. Hokkaido
4. Shikoku
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| Shinto | One of the main religions starting about 500BCE
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| Polytheistic | Kami
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| 4 Affirmations: Tradition and the family | The family is seen as the main mechanism by
which traditions are preserved. Their main celebrations relate to birth and marriage
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| 4 Affirmations: Love of nature | Nature is sacred; to be in contact with nature is to be close to the Gods. Natural objects are worshiped as sacred spirits.
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| 4 Affirmations: Physical cleanliness | Followers of Shinto take baths, wash their hands, and rinse out their mouth often.
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| 4 Affirmations: Matsuri | The worship and honor given to the Kami and ancestral spirits.
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| Writings: Kojiki | Record of Ancient Matters
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| Writings: Rokkokushi | Six National Histories
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| Writings: Shoku Nihongi and its Nihon Shoki | Continuing Chronicles of Japan
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| Writings: Jinno Shotoki | study of Shinto and Japanese politics and history) written in the 14th century
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| Characteristics: Scales with semitones | Although the Japanese culture uses pentatonic scales, the use semitones changes the way the tune may sound.
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| Characteristics: Slow Tempos | Some of Japanese music may seem so slow at first, it may see like a beat in not apparent. The term in Western Culture is called Rubato.
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| Characteristics: Sense of Space | There is an apparent space in between notes called ma. It is created in order for the performer and listener to understand the meaning of simplicity and balance.
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| Characteristics: Prominent Classical solo Repertoires | The solo repertoire in Japanese music is very important. Each instrument has there own way of learning and has an extensive repertoire to make sure the performer becomes fluent.
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| Japanese modes are called | Choshi
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| 2 types of Pentatonic Scales | 1. RYO (123-56-)
2. RITSU (12-456-)
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| GAPS or “-” are called | Hennons
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| Instruments: Shamisen | Japanese stringed instrument resembling a banjo with a long neck and three strings and a fretted fingerboard and a rectangular body
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| Instruments: Koto (Zither) | Musical instrument consisting of a flat wooden sound box with 13 strings stretched across a movable bridge, placed horizontally and played.
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| Instruments: Biwa | Japanese short-necked fretted lute, often used in narrative storytelling.(four-string, fretted pear-shaped lute; similar to Chinese pipa)
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| Instruments: Ryuteki | Japanese flute used in the gagaku orchestra (transverse bamboo flute)
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| Heian Period: type of Japanese style that evolved | Gafaku. [known for ancient court music(performed for nobility & higher class)]
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| Heian Period: composition of music | 1.Pure Japanese Music
2.Original Foreign Music
3. Music composed in Japan but influenced by other countries
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| Heian Period: orchestra's 3 groups | 1. The Winds
2. The Strings
3. Percussion
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| Kumakura Period: Noh | Type of music is highly stylized and symbolic drama, and is usually performed by a few male
actors and musicians. A main character often wears a mask which fits its role.
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| Kumakura Period: 2 different types of singing | 1. Kotoba (speech song)
2. Fushi (melodies)
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| Kumakura Period: Instrumental ensemble | Hayashi (Small folk ensembles with flutes and drums)
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| Kumakura Period: ensemble consists of | Bamboo flutes and 3 small drums
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| Azuchi-Momoyama Period: aerophone recorder or Bamboo flute | Shakuhachi (used during the Zen services and became a highly known instrument used for meditation for Buddhist monks)
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| Azuchi-Momoyama Period: fretless long necked lute | Shamisen (similar to Chinese sanxian)
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| Azuchi-Momoyama Period: Zither | Koto (Part of the gagaku court orchestra; Related to Chinese zheng)
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| Gagaku Orchestra: Hichiriki | Double-reeded flute; small cylindrical-bore double reed
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| Gagaku Orchestra: Kakko | Small double-headed cylindrical drum;conductor of gagaku orchestra
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| Gagaku Orchestra: Tsuri | Large hanging bass drum
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| Folk Music: 2 major musical styles | 1. Free Rhythm
2. Metric Rhythm
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| Folk Music: former types are sung by one singer and were originally sung when one was packhorse driving | Shakuhachi (vertical bamboo flute)
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