Community Interaction
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| show | community (p220)
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| examine the total number of species that a community contains. The number of species present. Characterized by their Properties. | show 🗑
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| show | tropical communities
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| the amount of energy produced | show 🗑
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| spider community; species included are only a portion of those present within the entire community. | show 🗑
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| a community is simply an aggregation/combination of species that happen to occur together at one place | show 🗑
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| communities are integrated unit. Superorganism communities who constituent species have coevolved to the extent that they function as part of a greater who, just as the kidneys, heart, and lungs all function together within a body. | show 🗑
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| show | ecotones (p221)
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| diminish the richness in a local area by reducing the chances of migration | show 🗑
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| show | 1. biotic (organismal)
2. abiotic (non-organismal)
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| show | biotic
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| show | animal-pollination model
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| show | abiotic
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| show | animal-pollination
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| show | productivity model
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| the greater the productivity of a region, the greater the amount of plant and animal material that can be produced and the greater the number of niches and species it can support | show 🗑
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| show | species diversity
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| show | abundance
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| show | indices
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| show | index
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| show | dominance indices
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| rank the importance of a species as well as its abundance in the environment | show 🗑
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| positive effect, negative effect, and neutral effect | show 🗑
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| show | positive effect
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| show | negative effect
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| show | > coevolution
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| one species greatly benefits at the expense of a second species | show 🗑
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| carnivore, cannibalism, herbivory, and parasitism | show 🗑
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| animals feeding on herbivores or other carnivores | show 🗑
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| predator and prey are the same species | show 🗑
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| show | herbivory
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| show | parasitism
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| show | aposematic coloration
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| animals that look, sound and behave like another animal. Ex: venomous coral snakes and the innocuous mile snakes | show 🗑
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| show | crypsis
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| behavior on part of the prey species to decrease the likelihood of a predator attacking. Ex: toads swallow air to appear larger | show 🗑
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| show | polymorphisms
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| chemicals that can be excreted to ward off potential predators. Ex: toad have salivary glands that are nosious to predators | show 🗑
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| show | masting
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| show | chemical defense
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| both species are interacting to obtain resources and the interaction can be highly detrimental to both species | show 🗑
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| organisms interact in order to gain access to resources or mates | show 🗑
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| physical interactions over access to resources - such as fighting to defend a territory or displacing an individual from a particular location. | show 🗑
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| show | type of Resources Competition
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| Consuming the same resources. Individuals compete for resources such as food and water. | show 🗑
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| show | preemptive
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| one species is overgrowing or blocking the light for another species | show 🗑
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| - Chemical - Territorial - Encounter | show 🗑
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| competition which uses the production of toxins | show 🗑
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| behaviors such as fighting used to defend space | show 🗑
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| temporary, infrequent interactions directly competing for a specific resource. | show 🗑
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| most common competition (about 37%) | show 🗑
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| show | preemptive and over growth competition
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| show | territorial and encounter competition
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| predator, prey, or species that in some way modify their habitat | show 🗑
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| show | certain starfish and sea otter
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| show | ecological disturbance
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| show | ecological succession
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| - after a fire, small grasses and abundant wildflowers may bloom and cover the ground. - As the flowers fade away taller grasses and small shrubs may make an appearance along with the seedlings of small trees - return of the forest | show 🗑
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| the pattern of recolonization by organisms | show 🗑
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| show | disturbances
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| an invasion of plants into an area where no plants have gone before. progression of organisms on continents, islands and the oceans floor | show 🗑
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| disturbance destroys the organisms within an area but leaves the soil intact. temporal "blip" | show 🗑
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| show | population
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| early views of succession believed that the organisms were replaced through. argues that the presence of the first organisms somehow prepares the environment and makes it easier for succeeding organisms to inhabit the land | show 🗑
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| show | facilitation process
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| show | enablement
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| the presence of a first species actually prevents the development of certain subsequent organisms. | show 🗑
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| species can start the colonization process. | show 🗑
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| species who are not easily replaced tend to dominate an older mature ecosystem | show 🗑
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| ecosystems can show a mix of | show 🗑
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| alter patterns of succession | show 🗑
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| show | - measure how well a community resists change
- measure how well a community bounces back after a disturbance
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| show | Measure how well a community resists change
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| - determine a stable point where the population levels of different species appear unchanging - apply a force or presure - measure the time it takes for a community to return to its original stable point - repeat the experiment in different communities | show 🗑
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| lakes tend to be weakly resistant and weakly resilient since there is no easy way to wash pollutants away. | show 🗑
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| show | > predation and mutualism
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| the total of all the ways an organism uses the resources of its environment. Ex: space utilization, food consumption, temperature range, appropriate conditions for mating, requirements for moisture, and other factors | show 🗑
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| two species attempt to use the same resource and there is not enough of the resource to satisfy both. | show 🗑
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| the entire niche that a species is capable of using, based on its physiological tolerance limits and resource needs. | show 🗑
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| show | > realized niche
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| show | > competitive exclusion
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| show | > Gause's hypothesis
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| the form and structure of an organism | show 🗑
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| show | > resource partitioning
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| show | > character displacement
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| each living on an island where the other does not occur | show 🗑
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| experimental studies are a powerful means of understanding interactions between coexisting species and are now commonly conducted by | show 🗑
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| consuming of one organism by another | show 🗑
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| show | > morphological defenses
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| chemical defenses of plants against herbivores | show 🗑
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| show | > cardiac glycosides
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| show | > underutilized resource
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| show | > defensive coloration
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| bastesian mimicry and mullerian mimicry | show 🗑
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| show | > bastesian mimicry
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| unrelated by protected animal species come to resemble one another | show 🗑
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| drive prey population to extinction | show 🗑
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| show | > defensive adaptations
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| show | > symbiosis
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| lichen, mycorrhiae | show 🗑
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| commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism | show 🗑
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| show | > mutualism
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| show | > examples of mutulism
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| modified as paired hollow thorns | show 🗑
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| show | > beltain bodies
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| show | > parasitism
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| show | > external parasite or ectoparasites
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| show | > parasitoids
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| parasite that live in the body of their hosts | show 🗑
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| show | > indirect effects
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| show | > keystone species
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| the climate of an area remians stable years after years, communities have a tendency to change from simple to complex. | show 🗑
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| show | > secondary succession
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| occurs on bare, lifeless substrate, such as rocks, or in open water, where organisms gradually move into an area and change its nature. Ex: lake, volcanic land, exposed land | show 🗑
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| show | > oligotrophic lake
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| show | > eutropihic
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| resources available in it in way that favor other species | show 🗑
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| show | > establishment
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| show | > facilitation
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| show | > inhibition
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| show | > local disturbances
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| show | > intermediate disturbance hypothesis
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| show | > intermediate disturbance patern
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