Influences on
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| What influences Enzyme Action? | anything that can change the SHAPE or ELECTRIC CHARGE of an Enzyme can alter its activity
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| What are some Modifiers of Enzyme Action? | Heat, pH
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| How can heat modify an Enzymes Actions? | 1. Activation Energy; 2. Denature Enzyme 3-D configuration
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| How can pH modify an Enzymes Actions? | may change Electrical Charge of an Enzyme
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| What are Cofactors? | typically Metals NECESSARY to complete enzyme's Active Site
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| What are some examples of Cofactors? | Mg++, Fe++, Cu++
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| Will an enzyme work if its Cofactor is not present? | No
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| What are Coenzymes? | TRANSFER Atoms to/from a Substrate
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| What are Coenzymes made of? | Organic NON-Protein molecule -or- Water Soluble Vitamins ( B=Complex, C)
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| Name 4 influences on Ezyme Action? | 1. Modifiers 2. Cofactors 3. Coenzymes 4. Inhibitors
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| What are the types of Inhibitors? | Competitive, NON-Competitive
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| What are 3 characterisitcs of Competitive Inhibitors? | 1. Chemically RESEMBLES Substrate (similar SHAPE); 2. OCCUPIES Active Site of a SPECIFIC Enzyme; 3. usually IRREVERSIBLE
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| Why are Inhibitors produced? | Cells produce Inhibitors - PREVENT Overproduction of certain products - Control Metabolism
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| What are 2 characteristics of NON-Competitive Inhibitors? | 1. NO Chemical Similarity to Substrate; 2. mey be Reversible or Irreversible; 3
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| What is Feedback Inhibition? | REVERSIBLE:NON-Competitive Inhibitor - attaches to Regulatory Site = TEMPORARILY altering Enzyme shape
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| When are NON-Competitive Inhbitors Irreversible? | attachment to AA subgroups of the Enzyme PERMANENTLY Denaturing the Enzyme - HEAVY METALS
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| What are 2 examples of Irreversible NON-Competitive Inhibitors? | Mercury, Lead
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| What are the 5 Classes of Enzymes? | 1. Hydrolases; 2. Sythases; 3. Dehydrogenases; 4. Phosphatases; 5. Kinases
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| What are 3 examples of Hydrolases? | 1. Pepsin 2. Amylase 3. Lipase
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| What is the function of Hydrolase Enzymes? | breakdown substances tih the ADDITION of WATER Molecules
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| How do Hydrolases breakdown substances? | Proteins --> Polypeptides; Carbohydrates --> Simple Sugars; Fats --> Fatty Acids + Glycerol
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| What is the function of Synthetases? | REMOVE Water to JOIN Molecules together
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| What is the function of Dehydrogenases? | REMOVES Electrons and H+
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| What is the function of Phosphatases? | REMOVES Phosphate Groups
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| What is the function of Kinases? | ADDS Phosphate Groups
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