plants and their environment and build
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| The first habitat for plants on earth was _____ | protists
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| Which algal group is most related to early land plants? | green algae
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| List 5 similarities between algae and terrestrial plants | a. chlorophyll a and b
b. choloroplats with stacks of thylakoids
c. starch in plastids
d. cellulose in cell wall
e. go through alteration of generations life cycle
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| List 5 helpful adaptations aquatic plants have by being surrounded by water | a. don't dry out
b. sperm swims to egg
c. water supports plant
d. plants sty in upper surface near light
e. absorb nutrients from the H2O
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| Plant adaptations to land need minerals gravity increase in height to get light adaptations for drier environment reproduction | Roots absorb H2O and minerals
Lignin and cellulose in cell walls
vascular transport system
waxy cuticle and stomata with guard cells
pollen containing sperm
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| All plants are _____ | muticellular
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| Plants can make their own food by a process called_______ | photosynthesis
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| Since plants make their own food they are called | autotrophic
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| Plants contain what type of chlorophyll? | A and B
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| Where is chlorophyll located in plants | in photosynthetic thylakoid membranes
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| What surrounds the outside of all plant cells and what is it composed of? | cellulose ( polysaccharides made of glucose)
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| How do plants store their reserve food? | stores reserve food as amylose (starch)
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| The life cycle of plants is known as ________ of _______ | alteration of generation
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| The dominant stage of the plant is the diploid (2n) ______ stage | sporophyte
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| The eggs and sperm are produced during the haploid (1n) _____ | gametophyte
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| The gametophyte stage produces a multicellular plant _____ that is protected inside and _____ _____ | embryo... egg sac
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| The sporophyte stage produces ____ by meiosis | haploid spores by meiosis
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| Haploid spores undergo ____ to produce the _____ stage | mitosis, gametophyte
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| The gametophyte stage makes ____ called the _____ and _____ | gametes egg and sperm
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| Plants are divided into ____ groups based on the presence or absence of an _____ ______ _____ for carrying water and dissolved _____ | 2, internal transport system, materials
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| What is the transport system for water and minerals called? | vascular system
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| ______ plants lack vascular tissue and are called ______ | nonvascular, bryophyte
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| In what type of environment must nonvascular plants live? | moist environment
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| Give an example of a bryophyte | mosses, hornworts
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| Nonvascular plants can't grow as tall as vascular plants. Explain why. | Non stem system... has to be low enough in water for sperm to swim to eggs
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| The cells of nonvascular plants must be in _____ contact with water because water moves by _____ from cell to cell | direct, diffusion
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| How does the sperm get to the egg in nonvascular plants | swims to egg through water droplets
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| Vascular plants are also called ______ | tracheophytes
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| What are the 2 subdivisions of vascular plants? | Seedless and seed bearing
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| Name 4 divisions of seedless vascular plants | club moss, horsetails, whisk ferns, ferns
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| Name the 2 groups of seed-bearing vascualr plants | gymnosperm and angiosperm
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| Gymnosperms have _____ seeds found inside cones. | unprotected
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| Angiosperms have ____ to attract ____ so seeds can be produced | flowers.... pollinators
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| name the division known as conifers and tell several plants in this group | pine, cedar, spruce, fir
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| Name 2 other divisons of gymnosperms and tell a plant in each group | Cycads, Ginko
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| Name the oldest living plant | Bristle Cone Pine
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| Name the tallest living plant | Sequoia
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| What group are these 2 plants | gymnosperm
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| Angiosperms are called _____ plants | flowering
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| How are seeds formed in angiosperms? | Flower makes male and female seeds
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| Where is the ovary found? | within the flower
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| Name the male and female parts of a flower. | Stamen and ovaries
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| How are fruits formed? | Produced from ripened ovaries
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| Angiosperms are the division | Anthophyta
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| What are the 2 subgroups of anthophyta | monocots and dicots
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| Describe the characteristics of monocots | Flower petals in mutiples of 3
Parallel venation, single seed cotyledon shoot (one leaf)
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| Describe the characteristics of dicots | Flower petals in multiples of 4 or 5, net venation 2 seed cotyledons (shoots)
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| What are some importance of the gymnosperms | provide food and habitat for wildlife, forests prevent erosion, reduce greenhouse gases, lumber for wood and paper and furniture and ornamental plants
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| What are the dominant plants on the Earth today? | angiosperms
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| How many species have been identified? | 260,000 species
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| The male part of the flower is the ______ | stamen
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| What do the stamens produce? | Sperm (pollen)
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| The female part of the flower is called the pistil or _____ | ovary carpel
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| What does the ovary produce? | egg ovules
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| Where do the pollen grains land on the carpel | stigma
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| What two parts of the flower are not a direct part of reproduction? | sepals... outermost whorl of leaf-like bracts
Petals.... inner whorl of leaf-like bracts
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| What do we mean by double fertilization? | Pollen lands on stigma and grows on a pollen tube to travel to ovary
2 sperm nuclei, one fertilizes egg, or helps endosperm
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| One sperm cell fertilizes the ___ to make the seed. | egg
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| What happens to the other sperm cell? | helps form endosperm
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| What is the endosperm? | food for the embryo (seed)
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| How are the roots of a monocot and dicot different? | monocot has fibrious root
dicot has tap
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| how are the stems of monocots and dicots different? | monocots dont have wood
dicots might or might not
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| What is the main function of leaves in a plant? | Captures the sun's energy for photosynthesis
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| Name the five main parts of a leaf. | upper surface cells
cholorplasts
veins with xylem and phloem
under side surface area
stomata
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