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The first habitat for plants on earth was _____
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Which algal group is most related to early land plants?
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Plant Adaptation
plants and their environment and build
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The first habitat for plants on earth was _____ | protists |
| Which algal group is most related to early land plants? | green algae |
| List 5 similarities between algae and terrestrial plants | a. chlorophyll a and b b. choloroplats with stacks of thylakoids c. starch in plastids d. cellulose in cell wall e. go through alteration of generations life cycle |
| List 5 helpful adaptations aquatic plants have by being surrounded by water | a. don't dry out b. sperm swims to egg c. water supports plant d. plants sty in upper surface near light e. absorb nutrients from the H2O |
| Plant adaptations to land need minerals gravity increase in height to get light adaptations for drier environment reproduction | Roots absorb H2O and minerals Lignin and cellulose in cell walls vascular transport system waxy cuticle and stomata with guard cells pollen containing sperm |
| All plants are _____ | muticellular |
| Plants can make their own food by a process called_______ | photosynthesis |
| Since plants make their own food they are called | autotrophic |
| Plants contain what type of chlorophyll? | A and B |
| Where is chlorophyll located in plants | in photosynthetic thylakoid membranes |
| What surrounds the outside of all plant cells and what is it composed of? | cellulose ( polysaccharides made of glucose) |
| How do plants store their reserve food? | stores reserve food as amylose (starch) |
| The life cycle of plants is known as ________ of _______ | alteration of generation |
| The dominant stage of the plant is the diploid (2n) ______ stage | sporophyte |
| The eggs and sperm are produced during the haploid (1n) _____ | gametophyte |
| The gametophyte stage produces a multicellular plant _____ that is protected inside and _____ _____ | embryo... egg sac |
| The sporophyte stage produces ____ by meiosis | haploid spores by meiosis |
| Haploid spores undergo ____ to produce the _____ stage | mitosis, gametophyte |
| The gametophyte stage makes ____ called the _____ and _____ | gametes egg and sperm |
| Plants are divided into ____ groups based on the presence or absence of an _____ ______ _____ for carrying water and dissolved _____ | 2, internal transport system, materials |
| What is the transport system for water and minerals called? | vascular system |
| ______ plants lack vascular tissue and are called ______ | nonvascular, bryophyte |
| In what type of environment must nonvascular plants live? | moist environment |
| Give an example of a bryophyte | mosses, hornworts |
| Nonvascular plants can't grow as tall as vascular plants. Explain why. | Non stem system... has to be low enough in water for sperm to swim to eggs |
| The cells of nonvascular plants must be in _____ contact with water because water moves by _____ from cell to cell | direct, diffusion |
| How does the sperm get to the egg in nonvascular plants | swims to egg through water droplets |
| Vascular plants are also called ______ | tracheophytes |
| What are the 2 subdivisions of vascular plants? | Seedless and seed bearing |
| Name 4 divisions of seedless vascular plants | club moss, horsetails, whisk ferns, ferns |
| Name the 2 groups of seed-bearing vascualr plants | gymnosperm and angiosperm |
| Gymnosperms have _____ seeds found inside cones. | unprotected |
| Angiosperms have ____ to attract ____ so seeds can be produced | flowers.... pollinators |
| name the division known as conifers and tell several plants in this group | pine, cedar, spruce, fir |
| Name 2 other divisons of gymnosperms and tell a plant in each group | Cycads, Ginko |
| Name the oldest living plant | Bristle Cone Pine |
| Name the tallest living plant | Sequoia |
| What group are these 2 plants | gymnosperm |
| Angiosperms are called _____ plants | flowering |
| How are seeds formed in angiosperms? | Flower makes male and female seeds |
| Where is the ovary found? | within the flower |
| Name the male and female parts of a flower. | Stamen and ovaries |
| How are fruits formed? | Produced from ripened ovaries |
| Angiosperms are the division | Anthophyta |
| What are the 2 subgroups of anthophyta | monocots and dicots |
| Describe the characteristics of monocots | Flower petals in mutiples of 3 Parallel venation, single seed cotyledon shoot (one leaf) |
| Describe the characteristics of dicots | Flower petals in multiples of 4 or 5, net venation 2 seed cotyledons (shoots) |
| What are some importance of the gymnosperms | provide food and habitat for wildlife, forests prevent erosion, reduce greenhouse gases, lumber for wood and paper and furniture and ornamental plants |
| What are the dominant plants on the Earth today? | angiosperms |
| How many species have been identified? | 260,000 species |
| The male part of the flower is the ______ | stamen |
| What do the stamens produce? | Sperm (pollen) |
| The female part of the flower is called the pistil or _____ | ovary carpel |
| What does the ovary produce? | egg ovules |
| Where do the pollen grains land on the carpel | stigma |
| What two parts of the flower are not a direct part of reproduction? | sepals... outermost whorl of leaf-like bracts Petals.... inner whorl of leaf-like bracts |
| What do we mean by double fertilization? | Pollen lands on stigma and grows on a pollen tube to travel to ovary 2 sperm nuclei, one fertilizes egg, or helps endosperm |
| One sperm cell fertilizes the ___ to make the seed. | egg |
| What happens to the other sperm cell? | helps form endosperm |
| What is the endosperm? | food for the embryo (seed) |
| How are the roots of a monocot and dicot different? | monocot has fibrious root dicot has tap |
| how are the stems of monocots and dicots different? | monocots dont have wood dicots might or might not |
| What is the main function of leaves in a plant? | Captures the sun's energy for photosynthesis |
| Name the five main parts of a leaf. | upper surface cells cholorplasts veins with xylem and phloem under side surface area stomata |
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