Lecture 1 - Test 1
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| What is the historical definition of physiologoy? | Study of function - How does it work?
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| The study of living systems is what type of definition for physiology? | Mechanistic Definition
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| What type of an approach veiws the human as more than just a sum of his/her parts? | Vitalism
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| Why is physiology important? | 1. Be able to understand the human body 2. Diagnosis 3. Explanations 4. Treatment 5. Understanding research and applications to your practice
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| What percentage range of the body is composed of water? | 55% - 80%
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| The average % of water compostion for the adult body is? | 56%
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| Normal full hydration is what percentage of water composition? | 72%
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| The american surgeon general states ___________ is the next major medical problem in the U.S. | Obesity
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| What country is the most obese population in history? | U.S.
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| If you were to cash in the total amount of elements in your body to pay for your Chiropractic Education what dollar amount would you receive? | $3.86
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| What ration of the bodies water is extracellular? | 1/3
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| What ration of the bodies water is intracellular? | 2/3
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| Water within the body is in constant motion via ________? | Osmosis
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| What are the main ions found in extracellular and intracellular fluid? | Na+, K+, Cl-
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| Other than Na+, K+, Cl- what else is found in extracellular and intracellular fluid? | Nutrients, O2, Glucose, Fatty Acids, Amino Acids, Cellular Waste Products such as: CO2, H+, and large amounts of Heat.
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| What nutrients are found in intracellular fluid? | O2, Glucose, Fatty Acids, and Amino Acids
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| Who came up with the concept of Homeostasis? | Claude Bernard
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| What is homeostasis? | The maintenance of constant internal conditions - Temp., pH, osmolality, fluid vol., blood gasses, nutrition, waste removal, metabolism, ion concentrations, etc.
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| What regulates homestasis? | 1. Nervous Control 2. Endocrine Control 3. Reproduction 4. Intrinsic Control
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| What is the function of intrinsic control? | Trys to maintain the same position
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| How many homeostatic controls are in the human body? | Thousands
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| What is the function of homeostatic controls? | Maintain intra and extracellular environments
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| How are Homeostatic Controls regulated? | Negative Feedback, Positive Feedback, and Feedforward
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| How many systems maintain blood circulation? | 9
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| How many systems maintain ion concentration? | 22
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| The more systems that maintain a particular function - the more important that function is. What is the purpose of having numerous systems governing 1 function? | It provides a fail safe in that if one of the sytems is impaired than the body can still carry out normal funcion through the remaining systems
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| Which regulatory method acts like a thermostat? | Negative Feedback
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| What is the measure of effectiveness of a system? | Gain
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| How is Gain calculated? | Compensation / Study State Error
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| What is the % effeciency of body temp. regulation? | 93% - 97%
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| What type of regulatory method makes compenstaions before changes actually occur? | Feedforward or Adaptive - this requires two or more sensors
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| Name two examples of feedforward or adaptive mechanisms? | 1. Temp. regulation 2. pH regulation
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| What type of homestatic control system is the least common in the human body? | Positive feedback
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| A stimulus to increase stimulus that leads to an event which stops the process describes what type of regulatory method? | Positive feedback
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| What is most common cause of positive feedback mechanisms? | Typically a pathological cause
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| Name 3 examples of nonpatholgical types of positive feedback mechanisms? | 1. Blood Clot Formation 2. Parturtion (childbirth) 3. Generation of neural impulses
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