AP GOV- vocab words
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| government | the institutions and processes through which public policies are made for a society
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| public goods | goods such as clean air and clean water that everyone must share
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| politics | process by which we select our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue. politics produce authoritative decisions about public issues
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| political participation | all the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue. voting is the most common but not the only means of political participation in a democracy. other means include protest and civil disobedience
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| single-issue groups | groups that have a narrow interest, tend to dislike compromise, and often draw membership from people new to politics. these features distinguish them from traditional interests groups.
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| policy-making system | the process by which policy comes into being and evolves over time. people's interests, problems, and concerns create political issues for government policymakers. these issues shape policy which in turn impacts people generating more interests, problems,
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| linkage institutions | political channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the policy agenda. in the u.s. linkage institutions include elections, political parties, interest groups and the media.
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| policy agenda | the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actually involved in politics at any given point in time.
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| political issue | an issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it
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| policymaking institutions | the branches of government charged with taking action on political issues. the u.s. constitution established three policymaking institutions-the congress, the presidency, and the courts.
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| public policy | a choice that government makes in response to a political issue. a policy is a course of action taken with regard to some problem
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| democracy | a system of selecting policymakersand of organizing governement so that policy represents and responds to the publics preferences
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| majority rule | a fundamental principle of traditional democratic theory. in a democracy, choosing among alternatives requires that the majority's desire to be respected.
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| minority rights | a principle of traditional democratic thory that gurantees rights to those who do not belong to majorities through persuasion and reasoned argument
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| representation | basic principle of traditional democratic theory that describes the relationship between few readers and the many followers
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| pluralist theory | a theory of govnt. and politics emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies
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| elite and class theory | a theory of govnt and politics contending that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization
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| hyperpluralism | a theory of govnt. and politics contending that groups are so strong that govnt. is weakened, its an extreme, exaggerated, or prevented form of pluralism
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| policy gridlock | a condition that occurs when no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy. the result is that nothing may get done.
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| gross domestic product | the sum total of the value of all the goods and services produced in a nation
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| individualism | belief that individuals should be left on their own by the govnt. one of the primary reasons for the comparitively small scope of american govnt is the prominence of this belief in american political thought and practice
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