Cardiac Emergency Terms and Definitions
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| Condition in which a portion of the myocardium dies as a result of oxygen starvation, sometimes referred to as a heart attack | acute myocardial infarction
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| Dilation or ballooning of a weakened section in the wall of an artery. | aneurysm
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| Pain in the chest that occurs when the blood supply to the heart is reduced and a portion of the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen | angina pectoris
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| Irregular, or absent, heart rhythm | arrhythmia
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| Condition in which artery walls become hard and stiff due to calcium deposits. | arteriosclerosis
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| When the heart has ceased (stopped) generating electrical impulses. | asystole
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| Buildup of fatty deposits on the inner walls of arteries. | atherosclerosis
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| Blanket term for any kind of heart problem. | cardiac compromise
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| Condition of excessive fluid buildup in the lungs and/or other organs and body parts because of the inadequate pumping of the heart. | congestive heart failure
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| Diseases that affect the arteries of the heart. | coronary artery disease
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| Swelling resulting from a build up of fluid in tissues | edema
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| Clot of blood an plaque which has broken loose from the wall of an artery and then moves to smaller arteries and blocks blood flow. | embolism
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| blockage | occlusion
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| Accumulation of fluid in the feet or ankles. | pedal edema
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| Accumulation of fluid in the lungs. | pulmonary edema
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| Condition in which the heart's electrical rhythm remains relatively normal, yet the mechanical pumping activity fails to follow the electrical activity, causing cardiac arrest. | pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
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| Cardiac arrest that occurs within two hours of the onset of symptoms. | sudden death
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| Clot formed of blood and plaque attached to the inner wall of an artery. | thrombus
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| Condition in which the heart's electrical impulses are disorganized, preventing the heart muscle from contracting normally. | ventricular fibrillation
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| Condition in which the heartbeat is quite rapid; if rapid enough, it will not allow the heart's chambers to fill with enough blood between beats to produce blood flow sufficient to meet the body's needs | ventricular tachycardia
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| The patient may describe chest pain from the heart as: | dull, squeezing, crushing
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| Pain or discomfort from a heart problem commonly radiates to the: | arms and jaw
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| In addition to chest pain or discomfort, the patient with cardiac compromise will also complain of: | dyspnea
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| A patient with heart problems may complain of: | pain in the center of the chest, mild chest discomfort, difficulty breathing
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| If the heart is beating too fast or too slow, the patient with cardiac compromise may also: | lose consciousness
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| Signs and symptoms of cardiac compromise include: | difficulty breathing, abnormal pulse rate, pain in the chest/upper abdomen, sudden onset of sweating with nausea or vomiting
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| Emergency medical care of a patient with cardiac compromise should include: | Placing the person in a comfortable position, administering high-concentration oxygen by a nonrebreather mask, assisting the patient with nitroglycerin administration if authorized
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| The "position of comfort" for a conscious patient who is having chest pain and difficulty breathing- | prone
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| Nitroglycerin should be considered when the patient: | is hypertensive and has a headache, loses consciousness after feeling dizzy, has chest pain for over five minutes and is hypotensive
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| In order for EMT-B to administer nitroglycerin, these conditions must be met: | medical direction to authorize its administration, medication is prescribed by the physician, the patient's blood pressure if GREATER than 100 systolic
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| Maximum doses of nitroglycerin given in the field: | 3
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